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Egypt > Lecture 5: Middle Kingdom + 2nd I.P > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Middle Kingdom + 2nd I.P Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the features of the Middle Kingdom.

A 
Reunified Egypt.
A new capital of Itj-tawy
Royal pyramids occurs again.
Osiris cult from Abydos.
Border expansions into Nubia.
Development of writing and literature.
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2
Q

Who was the 1st king of the Middle Kingdom and where is he from?

A

Mentuhotep II, Thebes.

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3
Q

Who was the founder of the 12th dynasty?

A

Amenemhat I

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4
Q

Who was Amenemhat I?

A

Probably a vizier before king. Ruled during a time of political instability.

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5
Q

What is Amenemhat I famous for?

A

Moving the capital to Itj-tawy and his pyramid at Lisht.

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6
Q

Describe Amenemhat I’s pyramid.

A

Built at Lisht.
1st largest pyramid since Pepi II.
Representative of O.K traditional style.

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7
Q

What are the main features of the 12th dynasty?

A

Co-regencies between fathers and sons.

The female pharaoh, Sobekneferu.

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8
Q

Name one planned town from the Middle kingdom.

A

Lahun.

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9
Q

What was Lahun?

A

A planned builders town based around the pyramid of Senwosret II.

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10
Q

What was found at Lahun?

A

A large archive of papyri.

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11
Q

What mining expeditions occurred during the Middle Kingdom period?

A

The eastern desert - stone + metals.
The Sinai peninsular - turquoise.
Nubia - gold

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12
Q

What military activities occurred during the Middle Kingdom period?

A

Expeditions of Senwosret I, III + Amenemhat II.
11 forts constructed around 2nd cataract.
Defensive architecture.
Emergence of professional soldiery.

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13
Q

Name and date one steal showing the reaction of the Egyptians to foreigners.

A

Middle Kingdom, Semna steal of Senwosret III

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14
Q

Give some examples of what they traded in, during the Middle Kingdom.

A

Ivory, ebony, pottery, cedar, resin, stone vessel and other luxury goods.

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15
Q

Who did the Egyptian trade with during the middle kingdom?

A

Kush, Syria-Palestine, Cyprus and Punt.

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16
Q

Name one example of tombs f the powerful provincial elite.

A

The Beni Hasan tombs

17
Q

Describe the developments in religion during the Middle kingdom.

A

Senwosret I, built 1st stone temple to Amun-Re, Thebes.
Coffin texts.
Simplified funerary equipment.

18
Q

What was the major cult of the Middle Kingdom?

A

The Cult of Osiris.

19
Q

What tomb is also credited as the tomb of Osiris?

A

The Tomb of Djer at Abydos

20
Q

What was offered to Osiris and where?

A

100’s of stelae in Cenotaphs (the royals).

21
Q

Literary developments of the Middle Kingdom.

A

Large variety of genres.
Historical or instructional are most popular.
Mostly fictional.

22
Q

Features of the 13th dynasty.

A

Founded by Sobekhotep I.
Rapid changes of rule.
Few sources and remains.
Pharaohs claim non-royal descent (unusual)

23
Q

Features of the 2nd Intermittent period.

A 
Capital moved to Thebes.
Lost control over Nubia.
Short lived kings.
Hyksos period reigned by the Asiatic people.
Kush grows in power.
Increasing importance of the army.
24
Q

What was the Hyksos period?

A

A period ruled by foreign kings known as the Asiatic people.

25
Q

How were the Asiatic people seen?

A

Rather badly.

26
Q

What evidence of the Hyksos period?

A

Scarab seals.

27
Q

What was the Hyksos capital?

A

Avaris.

28
Q

What cultural developments comes from Avaris?

A 
Architecture.
Pottery on the fast-wheel.
Weaponry.
Horse + Chariots.
Wool-sheep.
29
Q

What burials are from the Hyksos culture?

A

Burials in houses and donkey burials.

30
Q

Name one rival dynasty to Egyptians.

A

Kerma.

31
Q

Features of the 17th dynasty.

A

Known as ‘true’ Egyptian dynasty.
Ruled from Thebes.
Tombs at the entrance to the Valley of the Kings

32
Q

Who was Seqenenre Taa?

A

A king who had, had a violent death. His body was poorly mummified.

33
Q

Who was the last king of the 17th dynasty?

A

Kamose.

34
Q

What does Kamose’s stela record?

A

The defeat of Hyksos.

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