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head and neck anatomy > Lecture 6 Nervous system > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane

A

action potential

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2
Q

sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord

A

afferent nerve

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3
Q

loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

anesthesia

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4
Q

type of unilateral facial paralysis involving the facial nerve

A

bell palsy

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5
Q

overlap of terminal nerve fibers from the contralateral side of the dental arch

A

crossover-innervation

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6
Q

motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body–> to create action

A

efferent nerve

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7
Q

loss of action of facial muscles

A

facial paralysis

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8
Q

accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

A

ganglion/ganglia

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9
Q

supply of nerves to tissue, structures, or organs

A

innervation

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10
Q

cellular component of the nervous system that is individually composed of a cell body and neural processes

A

neuron

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11
Q

chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential, diffuse across the synapse, and binds to receptors on another cell’s membrane. inhibitory or stimulant to propagate action potential

A

neurotransmitter

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12
Q

bundle of neural processes outside the central nervous system; a part of the pns

A

nerve

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13
Q

extensive, intricate network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body

A

nervous system

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14
Q

charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in differences in the distribution of ions

A

resting potential

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15
Q

junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means

A

synapse

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16
Q

lesion of the trigeminal nerve involving facial pain

A

trigeminal neuralgia (TN)

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17
Q

what is normal resting potential

A

-70 mv

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18
Q

what reestablishes the resting potential

A

na/k pump

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19
Q

time when a cell is unable to depolarize

A

refractory period

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20
Q

what mimics inhibitory neurotransmitters usually

A

anesthetics

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21
Q

what makes up the brainstem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

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22
Q

what makes up the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus

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23
Q

largest part of brain; two hemispheres; coordinates sensory data and motor function; intelligence, reasoning, learning, memory

A

cerebrum

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24
Q

muscle coordination and tone; posture and balance

A

cerebellum

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25
Q

regulates heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure; reflexes for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, hicupping;

A

medulla

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26
Q

has cell bodies for CNXII

A

medulla

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27
Q

has cell bodies for CN V and CNVII located here

A

pons

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28
Q

relay station for hearing, vision, motor pathways

A

midbrain

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29
Q

central relay point for sensory impulses; regulates sleep and consciousness

A

thalamus

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30
Q

regulates homeostasis, hunger, thirst, fluid control, and multiple hormones

A

hypothalamus

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31
Q

used for evaluation of soft tissue structures; able to diagnose more chronic findings of the CNS; pathologic lesions (tumors, MS) nerve injuries, spinal compression

A

MRI

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32
Q

what does MRI stand for

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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33
Q

used to evaluate hard tissues; able to diagnose acute findings of the CNS; hemorrhage, fractures

A

CT

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34
Q

what does CT stand for?

A

X-Ray computer tomography

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35
Q

what nervous system is part of the Autonomic nervous system

A

efferent system

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36
Q

works without knowledge or thought by a person; works on tissues, structures, and organs

A

autonomic nervous system

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37
Q

what are the parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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38
Q

both the sympathetic and para work at same time to maintain what?

A

homeostasis

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39
Q

travels with the arteries to target area; originate from thoracis-lumbar spinal cord; norepinephrine

A

sympathetic nervous system

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40
Q

generally travel with other nerves such as the cranial nerves; originate from brain and SAcra spinal cord; acetylcholine

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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41
Q

catabolic; energy using; fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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42
Q

anabolic; energy saving; rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

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43
Q

true or false: parasympathetic fibers are never found in the body walls, limbs, and skin

A

true

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44
Q

with the exception of the sweat glands, glandular secretion is _____ stimulated

A

parasympathetically

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45
Q

with the exception of the coronary arteries, vasoconstriction is _____ stimulated

A

sympathetically

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46
Q

o, o, o, to touch and feel very good velvet such heaven

A 
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal
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47
Q

some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more

A

sensory, motor, or both

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48
Q

afferent nerve from nasal mucosa;transmits smell to brain

A

olfactory nerve CN 1

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49
Q

where does the olfactory pass through in skull?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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50
Q

loss of smell

A

anosmia

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51
Q

afferent nerve from retina or eye; transmits sight to the brain

A

optic nerve CN2

52
Q

where does it optic nerve pass in skull

A

optic canal- joins at optic chiasma

53
Q

blindness

54
Q

efferent nerve to muscles of the eye; efferent parasympathetic fibers(constrict pupil)

A

oculomotor cn 3

55
Q

oculomotor nerve is in all extraocular muscles of the eye except:

A

superior oblique and lateral rectus muscle

56
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve exit skull

A

cavernous sinus o superior orbital fissure

57
Q

efferent nerve to a muscle of the eye(superior oblique muscle)

A

trochlear nerve CN IV

58
Q

exits skull at for trochlear nerve

A

cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure

59
Q

efferent nerve to muscles for trigeminal nerve

A 
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
ant. belly of digastric
tensor veli palatini
tensor tympani
60
Q

afferent nerve from face, teeth, oral cavity, tongue, and anterior middle cranial meninges

A

trigeminal nerve CN V

61
Q

the openings in the skull for trigeminal nerve

A 
superior orbital fissure(opth)
foramen rotundum(max)
foramen ovale(man)
62
Q

efferent nerve to muscle of eye: lateral rectus muscle

A

abducens nerve CNVI

63
Q

where in the skull does abducens nerve pass through

A

cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure

64
Q

efferent nerve to muscles of facial expression

A

facial nerve cn VII

65
Q

for facial nerve, efferent parasympathetic fibers to :

A

lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and minor glands

66
Q

afferent nerve from skin around ear

A

facial nerve

67
Q

afferent nerve from tongue(taste ant 2/3) via chorda tympani nerve

A

facial nerve

68
Q

also called auditory nerve

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

69
Q

afferent nerve from inner ear for hearing(cochlea) and balance(semicircular canal)

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

70
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve come out of skull

A

internal acoustic meatus

71
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve efferent nerve to what?

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

72
Q

efferent parasym fibers to parotid gland

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

73
Q

glosso has afferent nerve from:

A

skin around ear and tongue(sensation and taste post 1/3)

74
Q

where in skull glossopharyngeal go through

A

jugular foramen

75
Q

efferent nerve to what muscles for spinal accessory

A

SCM, trapezius

76
Q

where does spinal accessory come out of skull

A

jugular foramen

77
Q

efferent nerve to all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus; goes through hypoglossal canal

A

hypoglossal nerve

78
Q

the three divisions of trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

79
Q

all three of the divisions of trigeminal nerve carry

A

afferent sensor fibers

80
Q

which division of the trigeminal nerve is the only one to carry efferent motor fibers?

A

mandibular division

81
Q

auriculotemporal nerve

82
Q

great auricular nerve

83
Q

lesser occipital nerve

84
Q

auricular branches

A

CN VII
CN IX
CN X

85
Q

three major nerves at first division opthalmic nerve

A

frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary

86
Q

what does the frontal nerve branch to form?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve

87
Q

lacrimal nerve provides afferents from what?

A

conjunctiva

88
Q

lacrimal nerve provides parasym fibers to lacrimal gland- piggy backs on lacrimal gland, originates from which nerve?

89
Q

nasociliary nerve branches to form

A

infratrochlear nerve
ciliary nerve
anterior ethmoidal nerve(formed by external nasal nerve and internal nasal nerves

90
Q

branches of the maxillary nerve

A

zygomatic, infraorbital, ant superior alveolar, middle sup alveolar, posterior sup alveolar, greater and lesser palatine, nasopalatine

91
Q

the zygomatic nerve branches to form

A

zygomaticofacial nerve

zygomaticotemporal nerve

92
Q

the infraorbital nerve branches to form

A

ant sup alveolar and middle sup alveolar

93
Q

innervate maxillary central and lateral incisors, max canines, corresponding buccal gingiva; nerve crossover may occur here

94
Q

innervates max premolar teeth; mesiobuccal root of max 1st molar; corresponding buccal gingiva

95
Q

innervates max molars and corresponding buccal gingiva

96
Q

innervates soft tissue on palatal side of maxillary posterior teeth(premolars and molars)

A

greater palatine nerves

97
Q

innervates soft palate and tonsils

A

lesser palatine nerves

98
Q

innervates soft tissue on palatal side of maxillary anterior teeth(incisors and canines)

A

nasopalatine nerve

99
Q

largest division of CN V

A

mandibular nerve

100
Q

anterior division of mandibular nerve

A

long buccal

muscular branches

101
Q

posterior division of mandibular nerve

A

auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar

102
Q

what does the long buccal nerve innervate

A
  • skin of cheek
  • buccal mucous membrane
  • buccal gingiva of mandibular molars
103
Q

muscular branches of the mandibular nerve

A
  • deep temporal nerves –(temporalis muscle)
  • masseteric nerve–(masseter)
  • lateral pterygoid nerve–(lateral pterygoid)
104
Q

medial pterygoid muscle is innervated directly by the mandibular nerve when?

A

before division

105
Q

the auriculotemporal travels with

A

superficial temporal artery

106
Q

the auriculotemporal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to

A

parotid gland from CNIX

107
Q

the auriculotemporal provides sensory to the

A

TMJ and part of external ear and scalp

108
Q

lingual nerve gives sensation to

A

ant 2/3 of tongue and lingual gingiva

109
Q

lingual nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to

A

submandibular and sublingual gland from CNVII and chorda tympani

110
Q

in the 3rd molar region, the lingual nerve is slighty_____ and very _____

A

posterior and very superficial; 3rd molar extraction and distal wedge procedures

111
Q

branches of inf alveolar

A

mylohyoid, mental, incisive

112
Q

supplies all mandibular teeth

A

inf alveolar nerve

113
Q

insicive nerve___ may occur

114
Q

mylohyoid nerve has efferent to

A

mylohyoid muscle and ant. digastric

115
Q

mylohyoid nerve may have an afferent branch from___________

A

mandibular first molar

116
Q

facial nerve enters internal

A

acoustic meatus

117
Q

the facial nerve branches from internal acoustic meatus

A

stapedius nerve
greater petrosal
chorda tympani

118
Q

the facial nerve exits the

A

stylomastoid foramen

119
Q

branches of facial nerve from stylomastoid foramen

A

posterior auricular(occipital muscle)
stylohyoid nerve
post. digastric nerve

120
Q

To zanibar by motor car

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
branches of facial nerve at parotid gland
121
Q

what nerve branch is greater petrosal nerve from

A

facial nerve

122
Q

provides efferent parasympathetics to lacrimal gland and minor salivary glands of palate

A

greater petrosal

123
Q

provides afferent fibers for taste to palate

A

greater petrosal

124
Q

chorda tympani is a branch of the

A

facial nerve

125
Q
  • joins with lingual nerve and travels with it
  • efferent parasympatheics to submandibular and sublingual glands
  • afferent fibers for taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
A

chorda tympani

126
Q

what nerve is with bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve

head and neck anatomy (9 decks)

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