Lecture 6 Nervous system Flashcards
1
Q
rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane
A
action potential
2
Q
sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord
A
afferent nerve
3
Q
loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters
A
anesthesia
4
Q
type of unilateral facial paralysis involving the facial nerve
A
bell palsy
5
Q
overlap of terminal nerve fibers from the contralateral side of the dental arch
A
crossover-innervation
6
Q
motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the periphery of the body–> to create action
A
efferent nerve
7
Q
loss of action of facial muscles
A
facial paralysis
8
Q
accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system
A
ganglion/ganglia
9
Q
supply of nerves to tissue, structures, or organs
A
innervation
10
Q
cellular component of the nervous system that is individually composed of a cell body and neural processes
A
neuron
11
Q
chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential, diffuse across the synapse, and binds to receptors on another cell’s membrane. inhibitory or stimulant to propagate action potential
A
neurotransmitter
12
Q
bundle of neural processes outside the central nervous system; a part of the pns
A
nerve
13
Q
extensive, intricate network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body
A
nervous system
14
Q
charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in differences in the distribution of ions
A
resting potential
15
Q
junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means
A
synapse
16
Q
lesion of the trigeminal nerve involving facial pain
A
trigeminal neuralgia (TN)
17
Q
what is normal resting potential
A
-70 mv
18
Q
what reestablishes the resting potential
A
na/k pump
19
Q
time when a cell is unable to depolarize
A
refractory period
20
Q
what mimics inhibitory neurotransmitters usually
A
anesthetics
21
Q
what makes up the brainstem
A
medulla, pons, midbrain
22
Q
what makes up the diencephalon
A
thalamus, hypothalamus
23
Q
largest part of brain; two hemispheres; coordinates sensory data and motor function; intelligence, reasoning, learning, memory
A
cerebrum
24
Q
muscle coordination and tone; posture and balance
A
cerebellum
25
regulates heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure; reflexes for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, hicupping;
medulla
26
has cell bodies for CNXII
medulla
27
has cell bodies for CN V and CNVII located here
pons
28
relay station for hearing, vision, motor pathways
midbrain
29
central relay point for sensory impulses; regulates sleep and consciousness
thalamus
30
regulates homeostasis, hunger, thirst, fluid control, and multiple hormones
hypothalamus
31
used for evaluation of soft tissue structures; able to diagnose more chronic findings of the CNS; pathologic lesions (tumors, MS) nerve injuries, spinal compression
MRI
32
what does MRI stand for
magnetic resonance imaging
33
used to evaluate hard tissues; able to diagnose acute findings of the CNS; hemorrhage, fractures
CT
34
what does CT stand for?
X-Ray computer tomography
35
what nervous system is part of the Autonomic nervous system
efferent system
36
works without knowledge or thought by a person; works on tissues, structures, and organs
autonomic nervous system
37
what are the parts of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
38
both the sympathetic and para work at same time to maintain what?
homeostasis
39
travels with the arteries to target area; originate from thoracis-lumbar spinal cord; norepinephrine
sympathetic nervous system
40
generally travel with other nerves such as the cranial nerves; originate from brain and SAcra spinal cord; acetylcholine
parasympathetic nervous system
41
catabolic; energy using; fight or flight
sympathetic
42
anabolic; energy saving; rest and digest
parasympathetic
43
true or false: parasympathetic fibers are never found in the body walls, limbs, and skin
true
44
with the exception of the sweat glands, glandular secretion is _____ stimulated
parasympathetically
45
with the exception of the coronary arteries, vasoconstriction is _____ stimulated
sympathetically
46
o, o, o, to touch and feel very good velvet such heaven
```
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal
```
47
some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more
sensory, motor, or both
48
afferent nerve from nasal mucosa;transmits smell to brain
olfactory nerve CN 1
49
where does the olfactory pass through in skull?
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
50
loss of smell
anosmia
51
afferent nerve from retina or eye; transmits sight to the brain
optic nerve CN2
52
where does it optic nerve pass in skull
optic canal- joins at optic chiasma
53
blindness
anopsia
54
efferent nerve to muscles of the eye; efferent parasympathetic fibers(constrict pupil)
oculomotor cn 3
55
oculomotor nerve is in all extraocular muscles of the eye except:
superior oblique and lateral rectus muscle
56
where does the oculomotor nerve exit skull
cavernous sinus o superior orbital fissure
57
efferent nerve to a muscle of the eye(superior oblique muscle)
trochlear nerve CN IV
58
exits skull at for trochlear nerve
cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure
59
efferent nerve to muscles for trigeminal nerve
```
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
ant. belly of digastric
tensor veli palatini
tensor tympani
```
60
afferent nerve from face, teeth, oral cavity, tongue, and anterior middle cranial meninges
trigeminal nerve CN V
61
the openings in the skull for trigeminal nerve
```
superior orbital fissure(opth)
foramen rotundum(max)
foramen ovale(man)
```
62
efferent nerve to muscle of eye: lateral rectus muscle
abducens nerve CNVI
63
where in the skull does abducens nerve pass through
cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure
64
efferent nerve to muscles of facial expression
facial nerve cn VII
65
for facial nerve, efferent parasympathetic fibers to :
lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and minor glands
66
afferent nerve from skin around ear
facial nerve
67
afferent nerve from tongue(taste ant 2/3) via chorda tympani nerve
facial nerve
68
also called auditory nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
69
afferent nerve from inner ear for hearing(cochlea) and balance(semicircular canal)
vestibulocochlear nerve
70
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve come out of skull
internal acoustic meatus
71
glossopharyngeal nerve efferent nerve to what?
stylopharyngeus muscle
72
efferent parasym fibers to parotid gland
glossopharyngeal nerve
73
glosso has afferent nerve from:
skin around ear and tongue(sensation and taste post 1/3)
74
where in skull glossopharyngeal go through
jugular foramen
75
efferent nerve to what muscles for spinal accessory
SCM, trapezius
76
where does spinal accessory come out of skull
jugular foramen
77
efferent nerve to all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus; goes through hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal nerve
78
the three divisions of trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
79
all three of the divisions of trigeminal nerve carry
afferent sensor fibers
80
which division of the trigeminal nerve is the only one to carry efferent motor fibers?
mandibular division
81
auriculotemporal nerve
V3
82
great auricular nerve
C2-C3
83
lesser occipital nerve
C2-C3
84
auricular branches
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
85
three major nerves at first division opthalmic nerve
frontal
lacrimal
nasociliary
86
what does the frontal nerve branch to form?
supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve
87
lacrimal nerve provides afferents from what?
conjunctiva
88
lacrimal nerve provides parasym fibers to lacrimal gland- piggy backs on lacrimal gland, originates from which nerve?
CN VII
89
nasociliary nerve branches to form
infratrochlear nerve
ciliary nerve
anterior ethmoidal nerve(formed by external nasal nerve and internal nasal nerves
90
branches of the maxillary nerve
zygomatic, infraorbital, ant superior alveolar, middle sup alveolar, posterior sup alveolar, greater and lesser palatine, nasopalatine
91
the zygomatic nerve branches to form
zygomaticofacial nerve
| zygomaticotemporal nerve
92
the infraorbital nerve branches to form
ant sup alveolar and middle sup alveolar
93
innervate maxillary central and lateral incisors, max canines, corresponding buccal gingiva; nerve crossover may occur here
ASA
94
innervates max premolar teeth; mesiobuccal root of max 1st molar; corresponding buccal gingiva
MSA
95
innervates max molars and corresponding buccal gingiva
PSA
96
innervates soft tissue on palatal side of maxillary posterior teeth(premolars and molars)
greater palatine nerves
97
innervates soft palate and tonsils
lesser palatine nerves
98
innervates soft tissue on palatal side of maxillary anterior teeth(incisors and canines)
nasopalatine nerve
99
largest division of CN V
mandibular nerve
100
anterior division of mandibular nerve
long buccal
| muscular branches
101
posterior division of mandibular nerve
auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar
102
what does the long buccal nerve innervate
- skin of cheek
- buccal mucous membrane
- buccal gingiva of mandibular molars
103
muscular branches of the mandibular nerve
- deep temporal nerves --(temporalis muscle)
- masseteric nerve--(masseter)
- lateral pterygoid nerve--(lateral pterygoid)
104
medial pterygoid muscle is innervated directly by the mandibular nerve when?
before division
105
the auriculotemporal travels with
superficial temporal artery
106
the auriculotemporal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to
parotid gland from CNIX
107
the auriculotemporal provides sensory to the
TMJ and part of external ear and scalp
108
lingual nerve gives sensation to
ant 2/3 of tongue and lingual gingiva
109
lingual nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to
submandibular and sublingual gland from CNVII and chorda tympani
110
in the 3rd molar region, the lingual nerve is slighty_____ and very _____
posterior and very superficial; 3rd molar extraction and distal wedge procedures
111
branches of inf alveolar
mylohyoid, mental, incisive
112
supplies all mandibular teeth
inf alveolar nerve
113
insicive nerve___ may occur
crossover
114
mylohyoid nerve has efferent to
mylohyoid muscle and ant. digastric
115
mylohyoid nerve may have an afferent branch from___________
mandibular first molar
116
facial nerve enters internal
acoustic meatus
117
the facial nerve branches from internal acoustic meatus
stapedius nerve
greater petrosal
chorda tympani
118
the facial nerve exits the
stylomastoid foramen
119
branches of facial nerve from stylomastoid foramen
posterior auricular(occipital muscle)
stylohyoid nerve
post. digastric nerve
120
To zanibar by motor car
```
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
branches of facial nerve at parotid gland
```
121
what nerve branch is greater petrosal nerve from
facial nerve
122
provides efferent parasympathetics to lacrimal gland and minor salivary glands of palate
greater petrosal
123
provides afferent fibers for taste to palate
greater petrosal
124
chorda tympani is a branch of the
facial nerve
125
- joins with lingual nerve and travels with it
- efferent parasympatheics to submandibular and sublingual glands
- afferent fibers for taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
chorda tympani
126
what nerve is with bell's palsy
facial nerve
