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head and neck anatomy > chapter 4 muscles exam 2 > Flashcards

chapter 4 muscles exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

movement accomplished by a muscle when the muscle fibers contract

A

action

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2
Q

loss of action of facial muscles

A

facial paralysis

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3
Q

end of the muscle that is attached to the more movable structure

A

insertion

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4
Q

type of body tissue that shortens under neural control, causing soft tissue and bony structures to move

A

muscle

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5
Q

system that includes skeletal muscle tissue

A

muscular system

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6
Q

origin

A

endo of the muscle that is attached to the least movable structure

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7
Q

the _____ includes skeletal muscle tissue.

A

muscular system

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8
Q

what in the muscular system shortens under nerve control, causing soft tissue and bony structures of the body to move

A

muscle

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9
Q

the ____ of the muscle moves toward the origin where the muscle arises when the muscle is contracted

A

insertion

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10
Q

main groups of the muscles of the head and neck (six groups)

A
  1. cervical muscles
  2. muscles of facial expression
  3. muscles of mastication
  4. hyoid muscles
  5. muscles of the tongue
  6. muscles of the pharynx
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11
Q

what does sternocleidomastoid muscle do

A

divides neck into anterior and posterior cervical triangles

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12
Q

OIA and innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

origin: clavicle and sternum
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
action: rotation and flexion of neck
innervation: CN XI spinal accessory nerve

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13
Q

OIA and innervation of trapezius muscle

A

origin: occipital bone, posterior midline in cervical and thoracic region
insertion: clavicle and scapula
action: lifts clavicle and scapula
innervation: CN XI spinal accessory as well as third and fourth cervical nerves

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14
Q

muscles of facial expressions are usually paired muscles that

A

move the face

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15
Q

muscles of facial expression usually originate from

A

bones of the skull or fascia and insert into dermis of skin

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16
Q

muscles of facial expression innervation

A

CN VII facial nerve

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17
Q

epicranial OIA

A

frontal belly origin: epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly inserts: eyebrow and most of nose

occipital belly origin: occipital and temporal bones
occipital belly inserts: epicranial aponeurosis

action: surprise

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18
Q

orbicularis oculi OIA

A

origin: orbital rim, frontal bone and maxilla
insertion: lateral canthus area, some encircle

action: closing eyelid

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19
Q

orbicularis oris OIA

A

origin: encircles mouth
insertion: labial commissure

action: closing and pursing lips as well as pouting and grimacing

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20
Q

buccinator OIA

A

origin: alveolar process of maxilla, alveolar process of mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: labial commissure
action: compresses the cheeks during chewing

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21
Q

risorius OIA

A

Origin: fascia superficial to masseter muscle

insertion: labial commissure
action: stretching lips

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22
Q

levator labii superioris OIA

A

origin: maxilla
insertion: upper lip
action: elevates/raises upper lip

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23
Q

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi OIA

A

origin: frontal process of maxilla
insertion: ala of the nose and upper lip
action: raising upper lip and dilating nares in a sneer

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24
Q

zygomaticus major OIA

A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: labial commissure
action: smiling; elevates the ipsilateral labial commissures or upper lip and pulls it laterally

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25
zygomaticus minor OIA
origin: body of zygomatic bone insertion: upper lip action: raising upper lip, assisting in smiling
26
levator anguli oris OIA
origin: canine fossa of maxilla inserts: labial commissure action: elevates ipsilateral labial commissures, as in smiling
27
depressor anguli oris OIA
origin: inferior border of the mandible inserts: labial commissure action: frowning; depresses labial commissure
28
depressor labii inferioris
origin: inferior border of the mandible inserts: lower lip action: lowering/depressing lower lip, exposing mandibular incisors
29
mentalis OIA
origin: mandible inserts: skin of chin action: raising chin and protruding lower lip
30
platysma
origin: clavicle and shoulder insert: inferior border of mandible and muscles of the mouth action: raising neck skin and grimacing
31
frontalis and occipitalis raises
eyebrows and scalp
32
both frontalis and occipitalis help to raise the eyebrows and the forehead but
the frontalis does the majority of the work
33
what muscle is associated with closing the eye and crows feet
orbicularis oris
34
what two muscles work together to frown the forehead
procerus and corrugator supercilii
35
what four ways does orbicularis oris move the lips?
1. press lips together(closes lips) 2. tighten and thins(pursing lips) 3. rolls inward(grimacing) 4. thrusts outward (pouting and kissing)
36
buccinator muscles forms the
anterior part of the cheek and lateral wall of oral cavity
37
the buccinator muscle assist in mastication by
controlling bolus; holds cheek tight
38
pterygomandibular raphe attachments
hamulus superiorly | mylohyoid line inferiorly
39
pterygomandibular raphe is in the junction of
buccinator and superior constrictor muscle
40
what are the smiling muscles
1. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi 2. levator labii superioris 3. zygomaticus minor 4. zygomaticus major 5. levator anguli oris
41
what are the frowning muscles
1. risorius muscle 2. depressor labii inferioris muscle 3. depressor anguli oris 4. assists in frowning: mentalis and platysma
42
what does mentalis do
raises and wrinkles the chin and assists in frowning
43
what are the muscles of mastication?
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
44
innervation of all muscles of mastication
Mandibular nerve, branch of trigeminal nerve CNV3
45
masseter origin
superior head: zygomatic process of maxilla and anterior 2/3 of inferior border of zygomatic arch deep head: posterior 1/3 and medial surface of zygomatic arch
46
masseter insertion and action
superior head: angle of mandible deep head: ramus of mandible action: elevation of mandible (during jaw closing)
47
temporalis OIA
origin: temporal fossa of temporal bone insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible action: elevation of mandible(closing jaw) retraction of mandible(lower jaw backward)
48
medial pterygoid origin
deep head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone | superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity of maxilla
49
medial pterygoid insertion and action
both heads: medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible | action: elevation of mandible(during jaw closing)
50
lateral pterygoid origin
superior head: greater wing of sphenoid bone(infratemporal crest) inferior head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
51
lateral pterygoid insertion
superior head: pterygoid fovea of mandible | inferior head: tmj joint disc and capsule
52
lateral pterygoid action
inferior heads: slight depression of mandible(jaw opening) one muscle: lateral deviation of mandible(shift lower jaw to contralateral side) both muscles: protrusion of mandible(lower jaw forward)
53
pterygomasseteric sling made of up what 2 muscles
medial pterygoid and masseter
54
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
1. digastric 2. mylohyoid 3. stylohyoid 4. geniohyoid
55
what are the infrahyoid muscles?
1. sternothyroid 2. sternohyoid 3. omohyoid 4. thyrohyoid
56
hyoid muscles assist in mastication and swallowing through
their attachment to the hyoid bone
57
the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone
hyoid bone
58
digastric origin
anterior belly: intermediate tendon | posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone
59
digastric insertion:
anterior belly: medial surface of mandible | posterior belly: intermediate tendon
60
sternohyoid OI
posterior and superior surfaces of sternum | body of hyoid bone
61
sternothyroid OI
posterior surface of sternum | thyroid cartilage
62
omohyoid Origin
inferior belly: scapula | superior belly: inferior belly
63
omohyoid insertion and action
inferior belly: superior belly superior belly: body of hyoid bone action: depress hyoid bone
64
thyrohyoid OI
origin: thyroid cartilage insertion: body and greater cornu of hyoid bone
65
digastric innervation
anterior: CN V3 mandibular posterior: facial nerve CN VII
66
what does the mylohyoid muscle do
forms the floor of the mouth and helps elevate tongue; elevates hyoid and depress mandible
67
digastric muscle action
helps elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible
68
mylohyoid innervation
mylohyoid nerve a branch of CNV3
69
stylohyoid innervation
facial nerve cn vii
70
geniohyoid innervation
first cervical nerve
71
what are all the infrahyoid muscles innervated by
first, second and third cervical nerves
72
causes of facial nerve weakness
stroke, trauma, post surgical, tumor's, bell's palsy
73
what does bell's palsy do to you
causes facial muscle weakness below the eyebrow
74
cause of bell's palsy
unknown cause
75
for the digastric muscle, what attaches to the hyoid bone
intermediate tendon

head and neck anatomy (9 decks)

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