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head and neck anatomy > chapter 4 muscles exam 2 > Flashcards

chapter 4 muscles exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

movement accomplished by a muscle when the muscle fibers contract

A

action

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2
Q

loss of action of facial muscles

A

facial paralysis

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3
Q

end of the muscle that is attached to the more movable structure

A

insertion

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4
Q

type of body tissue that shortens under neural control, causing soft tissue and bony structures to move

A

muscle

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5
Q

system that includes skeletal muscle tissue

A

muscular system

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6
Q

origin

A

endo of the muscle that is attached to the least movable structure

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7
Q

the _____ includes skeletal muscle tissue.

A

muscular system

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8
Q

what in the muscular system shortens under nerve control, causing soft tissue and bony structures of the body to move

A

muscle

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9
Q

the ____ of the muscle moves toward the origin where the muscle arises when the muscle is contracted

A

insertion

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10
Q

main groups of the muscles of the head and neck (six groups)

A
  1. cervical muscles
  2. muscles of facial expression
  3. muscles of mastication
  4. hyoid muscles
  5. muscles of the tongue
  6. muscles of the pharynx
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11
Q

what does sternocleidomastoid muscle do

A

divides neck into anterior and posterior cervical triangles

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12
Q

OIA and innervation of sternocleidomastoid

A

origin: clavicle and sternum
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
action: rotation and flexion of neck
innervation: CN XI spinal accessory nerve

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13
Q

OIA and innervation of trapezius muscle

A

origin: occipital bone, posterior midline in cervical and thoracic region
insertion: clavicle and scapula
action: lifts clavicle and scapula
innervation: CN XI spinal accessory as well as third and fourth cervical nerves

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14
Q

muscles of facial expressions are usually paired muscles that

A

move the face

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15
Q

muscles of facial expression usually originate from

A

bones of the skull or fascia and insert into dermis of skin

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16
Q

muscles of facial expression innervation

A

CN VII facial nerve

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17
Q

epicranial OIA

A

frontal belly origin: epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly inserts: eyebrow and most of nose

occipital belly origin: occipital and temporal bones
occipital belly inserts: epicranial aponeurosis

action: surprise

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18
Q

orbicularis oculi OIA

A

origin: orbital rim, frontal bone and maxilla
insertion: lateral canthus area, some encircle

action: closing eyelid

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19
Q

orbicularis oris OIA

A

origin: encircles mouth
insertion: labial commissure

action: closing and pursing lips as well as pouting and grimacing

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20
Q

buccinator OIA

A

origin: alveolar process of maxilla, alveolar process of mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe
insertion: labial commissure
action: compresses the cheeks during chewing

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21
Q

risorius OIA

A

Origin: fascia superficial to masseter muscle

insertion: labial commissure
action: stretching lips

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22
Q

levator labii superioris OIA

A

origin: maxilla
insertion: upper lip
action: elevates/raises upper lip

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23
Q

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi OIA

A

origin: frontal process of maxilla
insertion: ala of the nose and upper lip
action: raising upper lip and dilating nares in a sneer

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24
Q

zygomaticus major OIA

A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: labial commissure
action: smiling; elevates the ipsilateral labial commissures or upper lip and pulls it laterally

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25
Q

zygomaticus minor OIA

A

origin: body of zygomatic bone
insertion: upper lip
action: raising upper lip, assisting in smiling

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26
Q

levator anguli oris OIA

A

origin: canine fossa of maxilla
inserts: labial commissure
action: elevates ipsilateral labial commissures, as in smiling

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27
Q

depressor anguli oris OIA

A

origin: inferior border of the mandible
inserts: labial commissure
action: frowning; depresses labial commissure

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28
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

origin: inferior border of the mandible
inserts: lower lip
action: lowering/depressing lower lip, exposing mandibular incisors

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29
Q

mentalis OIA

A

origin: mandible
inserts: skin of chin
action: raising chin and protruding lower lip

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30
Q

platysma

A

origin: clavicle and shoulder
insert: inferior border of mandible and muscles of the mouth
action: raising neck skin and grimacing

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31
Q

frontalis and occipitalis raises

A

eyebrows and scalp

32
Q

both frontalis and occipitalis help to raise the eyebrows and the forehead but

A

the frontalis does the majority of the work

33
Q

what muscle is associated with closing the eye and crows feet

A

orbicularis oris

34
Q

what two muscles work together to frown the forehead

A

procerus and corrugator supercilii

35
Q

what four ways does orbicularis oris move the lips?

A
  1. press lips together(closes lips)
  2. tighten and thins(pursing lips)
  3. rolls inward(grimacing)
  4. thrusts outward (pouting and kissing)
36
Q

buccinator muscles forms the

A

anterior part of the cheek and lateral wall of oral cavity

37
Q

the buccinator muscle assist in mastication by

A

controlling bolus; holds cheek tight

38
Q

pterygomandibular raphe attachments

A

hamulus superiorly

mylohyoid line inferiorly

39
Q

pterygomandibular raphe is in the junction of

A

buccinator and superior constrictor muscle

40
Q

what are the smiling muscles

A
  1. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
  2. levator labii superioris
  3. zygomaticus minor
  4. zygomaticus major
  5. levator anguli oris
41
Q

what are the frowning muscles

A
  1. risorius muscle
  2. depressor labii inferioris muscle
  3. depressor anguli oris
  4. assists in frowning: mentalis and platysma
42
Q

what does mentalis do

A

raises and wrinkles the chin and assists in frowning

43
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

44
Q

innervation of all muscles of mastication

A

Mandibular nerve, branch of trigeminal nerve CNV3

45
Q

masseter origin

A

superior head: zygomatic process of maxilla and anterior 2/3 of inferior border of zygomatic arch
deep head: posterior 1/3 and medial surface of zygomatic arch

46
Q

masseter insertion and action

A

superior head: angle of mandible
deep head: ramus of mandible
action: elevation of mandible (during jaw closing)

47
Q

temporalis OIA

A

origin: temporal fossa of temporal bone
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible
action: elevation of mandible(closing jaw)
retraction of mandible(lower jaw backward)

48
Q

medial pterygoid origin

A

deep head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity of maxilla

49
Q

medial pterygoid insertion and action

A

both heads: medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

action: elevation of mandible(during jaw closing)

50
Q

lateral pterygoid origin

A

superior head: greater wing of sphenoid bone(infratemporal crest)
inferior head: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

51
Q

lateral pterygoid insertion

A

superior head: pterygoid fovea of mandible

inferior head: tmj joint disc and capsule

52
Q

lateral pterygoid action

A

inferior heads: slight depression of mandible(jaw opening)
one muscle: lateral deviation of mandible(shift lower jaw to contralateral side)
both muscles: protrusion of mandible(lower jaw forward)

53
Q

pterygomasseteric sling made of up what 2 muscles

A

medial pterygoid and masseter

54
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. digastric
  2. mylohyoid
  3. stylohyoid
  4. geniohyoid
55
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. sternothyroid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. omohyoid
  4. thyrohyoid
56
Q

hyoid muscles assist in mastication and swallowing through

A

their attachment to the hyoid bone

57
Q

the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone

A

hyoid bone

58
Q

digastric origin

A

anterior belly: intermediate tendon

posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone

59
Q

digastric insertion:

A

anterior belly: medial surface of mandible

posterior belly: intermediate tendon

60
Q

sternohyoid OI

A

posterior and superior surfaces of sternum

body of hyoid bone

61
Q

sternothyroid OI

A

posterior surface of sternum

thyroid cartilage

62
Q

omohyoid Origin

A

inferior belly: scapula

superior belly: inferior belly

63
Q

omohyoid insertion and action

A

inferior belly: superior belly
superior belly: body of hyoid bone
action: depress hyoid bone

64
Q

thyrohyoid OI

A

origin: thyroid cartilage
insertion: body and greater cornu of hyoid bone

65
Q

digastric innervation

A

anterior: CN V3 mandibular
posterior: facial nerve CN VII

66
Q

what does the mylohyoid muscle do

A

forms the floor of the mouth and helps elevate tongue; elevates hyoid and depress mandible

67
Q

digastric muscle action

A

helps elevate the hyoid bone and depress the mandible

68
Q

mylohyoid innervation

A

mylohyoid nerve a branch of CNV3

69
Q

stylohyoid innervation

A

facial nerve cn vii

70
Q

geniohyoid innervation

A

first cervical nerve

71
Q

what are all the infrahyoid muscles innervated by

A

first, second and third cervical nerves

72
Q

causes of facial nerve weakness

A

stroke, trauma, post surgical, tumor’s, bell’s palsy

73
Q

what does bell’s palsy do to you

A

causes facial muscle weakness below the eyebrow

74
Q

cause of bell’s palsy

A

unknown cause

75
Q

for the digastric muscle, what attaches to the hyoid bone

A

intermediate tendon

head and neck anatomy (9 decks)

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