Lecture 6 - Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Question 1

Hormones from the Hypothalamus that are to act on the Anterior Pituitary gland are released into the ____ ____.

Answer 1

Median Eminence

Question 2

Decreased blood _______, sensed by the Hypothalamus, along with changes in BP, are the main regulators of ADH secretion.

Answer 2

Osmolality

Question 3

_______ is an analog of ADH (Vasopressin) and has a long half-life. It is used in the treatment of Diabetes Insipidus.

Answer 3

Desmopressin

Question 4

Suckling on the breast directly stimulates the Hypo to produce ______, which is secreted from the PP and acts on breast ________ cells causing milk ejection.

Answer 4

Oxytocin

Myoepithelial cells

Question 5

While the main effect of TRH is on Thyrotroph cells in the AP to produce TSH, it also acts on _______ cells in the AP to produce Prolactin.

Answer 5

Mammotroph

Question 6

GHRH from the Hypo acts on ______ cells in the AP to produce GH.

Answer 6

Somatotroph

Question 7

SST from the Hypo acts on Somatotroph cells of the AP to derease ____. It also acts on Thyotroph cells in the AP to decrease _____.

Answer 7

GH

TSH

Question 8

____ ____ ____ (AKA Dopamine) from the Hypo acts on Mammotroph cells in the AP to decrease _____.

Answer 8

Prolactin-Inhibiting Factor (AKA Dopamine)

Prolactin

Question 9

GH can directly stimulate tissue growth, but it also acts on the liver to produce _______ (AKA IGF), which act in the same way as GH on tissues. Keep in mind, IGF inhibits ______ and stimulates ______ (SST) production/secretion.

Answer 9

Somatomedins

GHRH

GHIH (SST)

Question 10

Keep in mind GH has metabolic effects that antagonize those of ______. It also decreases plasma _____. Though, in muscle, while it decreases ______ uptake, it does increase _____ uptake for protein synth.

Answer 10

Insulin

Urea

Glucose

AA

Question 11

Keep in mind that GH has antagonistic effects to Insulin, but ______ has similar effects (increases glucose uptake and decreases lipolysis.)

Answer 11

IGF (somatomedins)

Question 12

In the very beginning growth phases, ________ hormones are important factors along with GH. They drop off and Androgens and Estrogens increase during puberty, while GH remains constant.

Answer 12

Thyroid hormones

Question 13

Prolactin secretion can be increased by direct stimulation of _______ cells in the AP by high levels of ______.

Answer 13

Mammotroph cells

Estrogen