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Year 2 Term 1 Control > Lecture 6 Functional Organisation Of The Cortex > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Functional Organisation Of The Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

From which surface of the Brain, can the central Sulcus be seen?

A

Lateral and medial

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2
Q

What do the gyri flanking the calcarine sulcus contain?

A

The primary visual cortex

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3
Q

What gyrus is continuous with the cingulate gyrus posterior to the splenium of the corpus callosum?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

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4
Q

What lies deep to the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Hippocampus

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5
Q

The hippocampus lies within which lobe?

A

The temporal lobe

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6
Q

What is the hippocampus associated with?

A

Memory

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7
Q

What connects the parahippocampul gyrus and the cingulate gyrus, and where can it be seen?

A

Isthmus, posterior to the splenium of the corpus callosum

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8
Q

What is the uncus associated with?

A

Smell

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9
Q

What is the course of association fibres to form a memory?

A

A bundle of association fibres run from the frontal lobe (Associated with organising movement and behaviour,) passes into the parietal lobe (Part of the sensory cortex,) passes past the visual cortex, then round to the uncus and into the hippocampus

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10
Q

What is the limbic lobe made up of?

A

The cingulate sulcus and gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the collateral sulcus and the uncus

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11
Q

What separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the rest of the temporal lobe?

A

The collateral sulcus

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12
Q

How many brodmann areas exist in the brain?

A

46

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13
Q

What is meant by a primary projection sensory area?

A

Specific sensory pathways terminate here

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14
Q

What is meant by primary projection motor area?

A

Specific motor pathways originate here

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15
Q

Where is the general sensory primary projection area?

A

Post central gyrus

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16
Q

Where is the visual primary projection area?

A

Striate cortex

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17
Q

Where is the primary projection auditory area?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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18
Q

What is meant by Heschl’s gyrus?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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19
Q

Where is the olfactory primary projection area?

A

Uncus

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20
Q

Where is the gustatory primary projection area?

A

Inferior post-central gyrus

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21
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex, and what is meant by this?

A

Pre-central gyrus, every single muscle in the body is innovated via a neuron from the pre-central gyrus

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22
Q

What is meant by the statement “The post-central gyrus is somatotopically organised”?

A

Specific parts of the post-central gyrus receive input from specific parts of the body (Via specific, thalamic nuclei.)

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23
Q

Sensory input from which 3 structures, projects to the midline of the post-central gyrus?

A

Foot, toes and genitals

24
Q

The lateral ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

A

Lateral VPL receives input from the leg and projects to the midline

25
Q

The medial VPL nucleus of the thalamus receives input from what part of the body and projects to which part of the post-central gyrus?

A

Receives input from the arm and projects to the lateral region

26
Q

The ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, receives input from what part of the body? And projects to what part of the post-central gyrus?

A

The face and to the lateral region

27
Q

Is the pre-central gyrus arranged in a similar way to the post-central gyrus? And what is meant by this?

A

Yes, axons to specific muscles in specific parts of the body originate from specific parts of the pre-central gyrus

28
Q

What is meant by a secondary or association sensory area?

A

This area receives input from the primary sensory area and is involved in interpretation and understanding

29
Q

Where are association areas normally located?

A

Close to the primary areas

30
Q

What is meant by secondary or association motor areas?

A

This area sends output to the primary motor area and is involved in organising the patterns of movement

31
Q

Where is the general sensory association area located?

A

Superior parietal lobe

32
Q

Where is the auditory association area located

A

The lateral fissure/ superior temporal gyri

33
Q

Who is the safest?

A

Jake Norman

34
Q

Where is the pre-motor association area located?

A

Anterior to the pre-central sulcus on the lateral surface

35
Q

Where is the supplementary motor area located?

A

Anterior to the pre-central sulcus on the medial surface

36
Q

Where is the frontal eye field located?

A

Anterior to the pre-motor area

37
Q

What does the frontal eye field do?

A

Controls the eyes

38
Q

Whats is the supplementary motor area to do with?

A

Stability

39
Q

What is meant by the word equipotential?

A

The left does the same as the right. This is true for general functions

40
Q

Is functioning equipotential for higher functions?

A

No, for higher functions, you have cerebral dominance

41
Q

For sensory and motor association areas, is functioning equipotential?

A

Yes

42
Q

What does damage to secondary sensory areas lead to?

A

Disorders of understanding

43
Q

What is meant by agnosia?

A

A disorder of understanding due to damage to a secondary sensory area, an awareness of the sensation persists but the significance of the sensation is lost, for example if you held an object with your eyes closed, you would know you were touching something but you wouldn’t be able to recognise what it was

44
Q

What does damage to a secondary motor area lead to?

A

An inability to carry out purposive movements, but there is no paralysis. Leads to an inability to perform learned movements

45
Q

What is meant by apraxia?

A

An inability to carry out purposive movements, due to damage to a secondary motor area

46
Q

What is the general association cortex involved in?

A

More complex aspects of behavioural and intellectual functioning

47
Q

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the parieto-temporal cortex involved in?

A

It’s involved in memory, it integrates information of different modalities

48
Q

In terms of the general association cortex, what is the pre-frontal cortex involved in?

A

Regulates moods and feelings, involved in higher order cognitive functions, such as conceptualisation, planning and judgement

49
Q

What is meant by the statement “As you ascend the hierarchy of cortical function lateralisation of some functions occurs”?

A

In terms of higher functions, such as linguistic function, there is cerebral dominance i.e. lateralisation of function

50
Q

Where is the auditory association area found?

A

In one hemisphere, specialised for linguistic function, usually the left hemisphere

51
Q

Which hemisphere is said to be the dominant hemisphere?

A

The left hemisphere, this is related to handedness i.e. left motor function controls the right limb

52
Q

What is the non-dominant hemisphere concerned with?

A

Spatial awareness

53
Q

Which two specific areas on the left hemisphere are involved in language?

A

one is Wernick’s area, the other is Broca’s area

54
Q

Does Wernick’s area lie anteriorly or posteriorly in the left hemisphere? And what is it to do with?

A

Wernick’s area lies posteriorly and is sensory or receptive, so to do with understanding

55
Q

Does Broca’s area lie anteriorly or posteriorly in the left hemisphere? And what is it to do with?

A

Broca’s area lies anteriorly and is motor-expressive, so to do with production of speech

56
Q

Damage to Wernick’s area, results in what kind of Aphasia?

A

Receptive Aphasia i.e. an inability to understand language

57
Q

Damage to Broca’s area, results in what kind of Aphasia?

A

Expressive Aphasia i.e. an inability to correctly articulate speech

Year 2 Term 1 Control (14 decks)

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