Anatomy 7 Flashcards
Which 2 sulci can be seen in the frontal lobe and what 3 gyri do these separate the frontal lobe into?
Sulci
Superior and inferior frontal sulci (both run horizontally)
Gyri
Superior, middle and inferior gyri
What is the cingulate gyrus and which sulci separate it?
Runs along above the corpus callosum, separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus
Separated from the rest of the cerebral cortex by the cingulate sulcus
What sulcus can be found within the occipital lobe on the medial surface. what does it separate the occipital lobe into?
Calcarine sulcus - have a gyrus above it and a gyrus below it known as upper and lower bands, in these the striate cortex can be found
The cingulate gyrus carries on posteriorly as what gyrus and what lie at the most ventral end of that gyrus?
Cingulate gyrus carries on posteriorly as the parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus lies at the most anterior end of this
What is the role of the uncus and what is special about the info travelling to the uncus?
Uncus contains the primary olfactory cortex, this is the only sensation that doesn’t go to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus, olfactory info goes straight to the uncus via the olfactory tracts
Where does the fornix run in relation to the septum pellucidum?
Fornix runs along the inferior border of the septum pellucidum
Where can the interventicular foramen be seen in gross anatomy and what is its function?
Interventricular foramen connects the 2 lateral and the 3rd ventricle, can be seen as a small aperture along the inferior border of the fornix on the medial side of the brain
In medial view of the hypothalamus, where can the optic chiasma, mamillary body and infundibulum be seen?
All seen projecting from anteroinferior border of the hypothalamus
Optic chiasma is most anterior
Mamillary bodies are most posterior
Infundibulum lies between
What can happen to the pineal gland with age?
It can calcify
Why could a CT scan identifying deviation of the pineal gland from the midline be important?
Deviation could be caused by any bleeding or a tumour
What is the connection between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies and the cingulate gyrus?
Hippocampus is associated with memory, info passes along axons making up the fornix to reach the mamillary bodies and then these fibres extend from the mamillary bodies to the cingulate gyrus
What 4 projections come off the 4th ventricle?
1) Median aperture, projects posteriorly and extends between the medulla and inferior surface of the cerebellum
2) 2 lateral apertures
3) Projecting anteriorly there is a remnant of neural tube which persists throughout the spinal cord known as the central canal
Which projections from the 4th ventricle serve to allow CSF to escape into the subarachnoid space?
The lateral apertures and median aperture
Where is the majority of CSF created?
In the lateral ventricles
Where does the caudate nucleus lie?
forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle following the same C shape
What is the internal capsule and where does it lie?
Lies lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and is V shaped
It is a bundle of axons carrying info from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex
What are the 3 recognised parts of the internal capsule?
1) Anterior limb
2) Genu (junction between anterior and posterior limb)
3) Posterior limb
Where does the lentiform nucleus lie?
Lateral to the internal capsule
What 2 nuclei are found within the lentiform nucleus?
1) Medially is the globus pallidus
2) Laterally is the putamen
Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus makes up what structure?
Corpus striatum, this itself makes up some of the basal ganglia
The corpus striatum along with other nuclei is important in what?
Initiating and controlling movement
The inferior aspect of the brain can also be described as what aspect?
The ventral aspect
Secondary vesicles have formed after how many weeks?
5 weeks
Does the greater longitudinal fissure widen at the anterior or posterior pole of the brain?
Posterior pole
What is cut in patients with a split brain, what general implication does this have?
Corpus callosum is cut
Means that each hemisphere functions independently
Where are the frontal, temporal and occipital poles located?
At the extreme ends of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes
Olfactory tracts are found on the inferior/ventral surface of which lobe?
The frontal lobe
On the ventral surface of the brain what part of the diencephalon can be seen?
The hypothalamus
What are the most prominent features coming off the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus?
The mamillary bodies
In a ventral view what can be seen of the midbrain?
The cerebral peduncles
CNIII originates from where?
The ponto-midbrain junction, can be seen emerging from the interpeduncular fossa
What 4 things is the brain protected by in life?
1) Hair
2) Scalp
3) Skull
4) Meninges
Scalp is an anagram, what 5 things is the scalp made up of?>
S - skin C - connective tissue A - aponeurosis of occipital frontalis muscle L - loose connective tissue P - periosteum
What keeps the arachnoid mater tightly adhered to the meningeal layer of dura mater?
The pressure of the underlying CSF
Where is the subdural space?
Potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater
Through what foramen do the cranial meninges extend to cover the spinal cord?
The foramen magnum
At the majority of sights the periosteal and meningeal dura mater are tightly adhered together, at which sights is this not the case?
They separate at dural venous sinuses, enabling venous blood to be recycled
These sinuses are formed by the meningeal dura mater converging
What is the course of venous return from both superficial veins and deep veins of the brain?
Superficial veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus
Deep veins drain into the great cerebral vein, which runs into the straight sinus
The straight sinus and superior saggital sinus converge at the confluence of sinuses, from here 2 transverse sinuses travel laterally along the root of the tentorium cerebelli
Transverse sinuses on each side become the sigmoid sinus with each of these running into the internal jugular vein
