Anatomy 7

Question 1

Which 2 sulci can be seen in the frontal lobe and what 3 gyri do these separate the frontal lobe into?

Answer 1

Sulci
Superior and inferior frontal sulci (both run horizontally)
Gyri
Superior, middle and inferior gyri

Question 2

What is the cingulate gyrus and which sulci separate it?

Answer 2

Runs along above the corpus callosum, separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus
Separated from the rest of the cerebral cortex by the cingulate sulcus

Question 3

What sulcus can be found within the occipital lobe on the medial surface. what does it separate the occipital lobe into?

Answer 3

Calcarine sulcus - have a gyrus above it and a gyrus below it known as upper and lower bands, in these the striate cortex can be found

Question 4

The cingulate gyrus carries on posteriorly as what gyrus and what lie at the most ventral end of that gyrus?

Answer 4

Cingulate gyrus carries on posteriorly as the parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus lies at the most anterior end of this

Question 5

What is the role of the uncus and what is special about the info travelling to the uncus?

Answer 5

Uncus contains the primary olfactory cortex, this is the only sensation that doesn’t go to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus, olfactory info goes straight to the uncus via the olfactory tracts

Question 6

Where does the fornix run in relation to the septum pellucidum?

Answer 6

Fornix runs along the inferior border of the septum pellucidum

Question 7

Where can the interventicular foramen be seen in gross anatomy and what is its function?

Answer 7

Interventricular foramen connects the 2 lateral and the 3rd ventricle, can be seen as a small aperture along the inferior border of the fornix on the medial side of the brain

Question 8

In medial view of the hypothalamus, where can the optic chiasma, mamillary body and infundibulum be seen?

Answer 8

All seen projecting from anteroinferior border of the hypothalamus
Optic chiasma is most anterior
Mamillary bodies are most posterior
Infundibulum lies between

Question 9

What can happen to the pineal gland with age?

Answer 9

It can calcify

Question 10

Why could a CT scan identifying deviation of the pineal gland from the midline be important?

Answer 10

Deviation could be caused by any bleeding or a tumour

Question 11

What is the connection between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies and the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 11

Hippocampus is associated with memory, info passes along axons making up the fornix to reach the mamillary bodies and then these fibres extend from the mamillary bodies to the cingulate gyrus

Question 12

What 4 projections come off the 4th ventricle?

Answer 12

1) Median aperture, projects posteriorly and extends between the medulla and inferior surface of the cerebellum
2) 2 lateral apertures
3) Projecting anteriorly there is a remnant of neural tube which persists throughout the spinal cord known as the central canal

Question 13

Which projections from the 4th ventricle serve to allow CSF to escape into the subarachnoid space?

Answer 13

The lateral apertures and median aperture

Question 14

Where is the majority of CSF created?

Answer 14

In the lateral ventricles

Question 15

Where does the caudate nucleus lie?

Answer 15

forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle following the same C shape

Question 16

What is the internal capsule and where does it lie?

Answer 16

Lies lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and is V shaped
It is a bundle of axons carrying info from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

Question 17

What are the 3 recognised parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 17

1) Anterior limb
2) Genu (junction between anterior and posterior limb)
3) Posterior limb

Question 18

Where does the lentiform nucleus lie?

Answer 18

Lateral to the internal capsule

Question 19

What 2 nuclei are found within the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 19

1) Medially is the globus pallidus

2) Laterally is the putamen

Question 20

Caudate nucleus + lentiform nucleus makes up what structure?

Answer 20

Corpus striatum, this itself makes up some of the basal ganglia

Question 21

The corpus striatum along with other nuclei is important in what?

Answer 21

Initiating and controlling movement

Question 22

The inferior aspect of the brain can also be described as what aspect?

Answer 22

The ventral aspect

Question 23

Secondary vesicles have formed after how many weeks?

Answer 23

5 weeks

Question 24

Does the greater longitudinal fissure widen at the anterior or posterior pole of the brain?

Answer 24

Posterior pole

Question 25

What is cut in patients with a split brain, what general implication does this have?

Answer 25

Corpus callosum is cut

Means that each hemisphere functions independently

Question 26

Where are the frontal, temporal and occipital poles located?

Answer 26

At the extreme ends of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes

Question 27

Olfactory tracts are found on the inferior/ventral surface of which lobe?

Answer 27

The frontal lobe

Question 28

On the ventral surface of the brain what part of the diencephalon can be seen?

Answer 28

The hypothalamus

Question 29

What are the most prominent features coming off the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus?

Answer 29

The mamillary bodies

Question 30

In a ventral view what can be seen of the midbrain?

Answer 30

The cerebral peduncles

Question 31

CNIII originates from where?

Answer 31

The ponto-midbrain junction, can be seen emerging from the interpeduncular fossa

Question 32

What 4 things is the brain protected by in life?

Answer 32

1) Hair
2) Scalp
3) Skull
4) Meninges

Question 33

Scalp is an anagram, what 5 things is the scalp made up of?>

Answer 33

S - skin
C - connective tissue
A - aponeurosis of occipital frontalis muscle
L - loose connective tissue
P - periosteum

Question 34

What keeps the arachnoid mater tightly adhered to the meningeal layer of dura mater?

Answer 34

The pressure of the underlying CSF

Question 35

Where is the subdural space?

Answer 35

Potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater

Question 36

Through what foramen do the cranial meninges extend to cover the spinal cord?

Answer 36

The foramen magnum

Question 37

At the majority of sights the periosteal and meningeal dura mater are tightly adhered together, at which sights is this not the case?

Answer 37

They separate at dural venous sinuses, enabling venous blood to be recycled
These sinuses are formed by the meningeal dura mater converging

Question 38

What is the course of venous return from both superficial veins and deep veins of the brain?

Answer 38

Superficial veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus
Deep veins drain into the great cerebral vein, which runs into the straight sinus
The straight sinus and superior saggital sinus converge at the confluence of sinuses, from here 2 transverse sinuses travel laterally along the root of the tentorium cerebelli
Transverse sinuses on each side become the sigmoid sinus with each of these running into the internal jugular vein