Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Term 1 Control > Lecture 4: Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?

A 
Occulomotor nerve CN 3
Trochlear nerve (dorsal surface) CN 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cranial nerves attach to the pons?

A 
Trigeminal nerve CN 5
Abducens nerve CN 6
Facial nerve CN 7
Vestibulocochlear nerve CN 8 
(The above 2 emerge from the cerebellomedullary pontine angle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An acoustic neuroma is a tumour which may typically develop on the vestibulocochlear nerve adjacent to the brainstem, which cranial nerves are likely to be compressed as the tumour enlarges?

A

Vestibulocochlear

Facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the method of testing the olfactory nerve?

A

Offer something familiar for the pt to smell and identify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the method of testing the optic nerve?

A

1) Acuity - Shellen chart
2) Colour - ishihar plates
3) Visual fields - pt identifies wiggling finger in periphery
4) Visual reflexes - pupillary constriction reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the method of testing the occulomotor nerve or the trochlear nerve?

A

Patient follows your finger as you draw 2 large H’s infront of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the method of testing the sensory part of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Corneal reflex - touch cornea with cotton wool and pt closes eye
Touch face with cotton wool on forehead, cheek and lower jaw - can they feel it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the method of testing the motor part of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ask pt to clench teeth and fell jaw muscles, ask pt to open mouth against resistance
Perform jaw jerk - put finger on chin and strike with a tendon hammer - jaw should pertrude forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you test for the abducens nerve?

A

Tested same as CN3 and CN4 in eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the motor function of the facial nerve tested?

A

Ask pt to crease up forehead, close eyes and keep them closed against resistance, puff out cheeks and reveal teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve tested and is the vestibular part normally tested?

A

Cochlear part - Rinne test (tuning fork on mastoid process and then next to ear, which is louder? should be 2nd)
Weber test (base of tuning fork in center of forehead, is it louder in either ear? Normally its the same in both)
Vestibular part not normally tested in routine examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the sensory part of the glossopharyngeal nerve tested?

A

Tested by gag reflex by touching the back or arches of the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the sensory part of the vagus nerve easily tested?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you test the other components of the vagus nerve?

A

Pt speaking gives good idea of the efficacy of muscles

Uvula should be observed before and after patient saying aah - check it lies centrally and doesnt deviate on movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How would you test the accessory nerve?

A

Ask pt to turn head and shrug against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you test the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Ask patient to stick tongue out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What would you deduce if the tongue deviated to one side during protrusion?

A

If the tongue deviates to either side it suggests a weakening of muscles on that side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Afferent limb = optic nerve CN II

Efferent limb = occulomotor nerve CN III (sphincter pupillae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent limb = Ophthalmic nerve CNV1

Efferent limb = Facial nerve CN VII (orbicularis oculi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the gag reflex?

A

Afferent limb = Glossopharyngeal IX

Efferent limb = Vagus nerve CN X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 6 structures can be seen on the cerebellum when viewed from the position of the pons?

A

1) Suprerior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle
2) Flocculus (2 of them)
3) Tonsil (2 of them)
4) Nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the major functions of the cerebellum?

A

Recieves info from the sensory systems, the spinal cord and other parts of the brain and regulates motor movements such as posture balance, coordination and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced mucular activity, also important for learning motor behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is past pointing?

A

Pointing finger overshoots its intended mark to the side of the cerebellar damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is intention tremor?

A

A tremor that occurs during the performance of voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is dysdiadochokinesis?

A

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

26
Q

What is the obex?

A

The bottom V of the opening to the 4th ventricle

27
Q

What is the ‘spidery-type’ substance which can be seen in the 4th ventricle and what is its function?

A

Choroid plexus - produces CSF

28
Q

How does the optic nerve pass out of the skull?

A

Through the optic canal

29
Q

Occulomotor nerve supplies all muscles that move the eye bar 2 muscles, what are these and what CN innervates them?

A

All except the superior oblique muscles - innervated by trochlear nerve CN4
and lateral rectus muscle - innervated by abducens nerve CN6
SO4 LR6

30
Q

Does the occulomotor nerve have some parasympathetic component?

A

Yes

31
Q

How many parts are there to the trigeminal nerve and what are they called?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

32
Q

What does the mandibular nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication

General sense to anterior 2/3 of the tongue and lower jaw

33
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate?

A

Mostly motor - muscles of facial expression

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic component of the facial nerve?

A

Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands but NOT the parotid gland

35
Q

Which salivary gland is not innervated by the facial nerve, which nerve innervates this salivary gland?

A

The parotid gland

Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

Mainly sensory to pharynx

Stimulates the carotid sinus

37
Q

Other than its parasympathetic function, what else does the vagus nerve supply?

A

Muscles to the larynx, pharynx and palate

38
Q

How does the spinal accessory nerve enter the cranial cavity and after doing so what does it do?

A

Spinal accessory originates from spine and enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum where it then joins with the cranial accessory to form the accessory nerve

39
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of the tongue except 1 which is innervated by the vagus

40
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen?

A

CN 9,10,11

41
Q

How many possible fibre types of cranial nerves are there?

A

7

42
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A functional group of neurons within the CNS - a collection of cell bodies

43
Q

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

A

Within the tegmentum of the brainstem, found in all brainstem parts

44
Q

Does the tegmentum run throughout all 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Yes, forms distinctive divisions in the midbrain, pons and medulla

45
Q

What are the 2 types of cranial nerve nuclei?

A

1) Sensory

2) Motor

46
Q

What is the function of a sensory cranial nerve nucleus?

A

Receives info from fibres entering the brainstem in cranial nerves
Axon synapses here with a cell body of another neuron and info is sent along fibres to the appropriate higher center

47
Q

What is the function of a motor cranial nerve nucleus?

A

Receives info from higher centre

Fibres synapse here and gives rise to motor fibres that leave the brain stem in cranial nerves

48
Q

Sensory and motor nuclei are located laterally or medially?

A

Sensory nuclei are located laterally within the brainstem

Motor nuclei are located medially within the brainstem

49
Q

Where are the cranial nerve nuclei located in relation to the ventricular system?

A

Anteriorly - within the tegmentum

50
Q

Why does the occulomotor nerve have 2 nuclei within the brainstem and what are they called?

A

Because it carries 2 types of fibres, somatic motor fibres and visceral motor (autonomic) fibres.
For each fibre type within a cranial nerve there is a corresponding nucleus in the brainstem
1) Edinger-Westphal nucleus
2) Oculomotor nucleus

51
Q

What structures are innervated by the somatic and visceral motor fibres of the occulomotor nerve?

A 
Somatic motor - Extraocular muscles
Visceral motor (autonomic) - Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
52
Q

The 4 autonomic ganglia of the head and neck are associated with which cranial nerve?

A

Associated with the trigeminal nerve

53
Q

What are the names of the 4 autonomic ganglia of the head and neck?

A

1) Ciliary ganglion
2) Submandibular ganglion
3) Pterygopalatine ganglion
4) Otic ganglion

54
Q

Autonomic fibres carried in which cranial nerve synapse at the ciliary autonomic ganglion, what nerve are the post synaptic fibres carried in and what is their target?

A

Pre synaptic fibres - CN III
Post synaptic fibres - CN V1
Target - Sphincter pupillae (eye)

55
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the pterygopalatine ganglion are carried in what nerves and what is the target?

A

Pre synaptic - CN VII
Post synaptic - CN V2
Target - Lacrimal gland

56
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the submandibular ganglion are carried in what nerves and have what target?

A

Pre synaptic - CN VII
Post synaptic - CN V3
Target - Submandibular and sublingual gland

57
Q

The pre synaptic and post synaptic fibres of the Otic ganglion are carried in what nerves and have what target?

A

Pre synaptic - CN IX
Post synaptic - CN V3
Target - Parotid gland

58
Q

What are the 3 autonomic functions of the head and neck?

A

1) Sphincter pupillae of the eye
2) Salivary glands - (submandibular, sublingual, parotid)
3) Lacrimal gland

59
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves containing autonomic fibres?

A

1) Oculomotor
2) Facial
3) Glossopharyngeal
4) Vagus

60
Q

How do the autonomic fibres of the cranial nerves pass to their target organ?

A

The synapse at autonomic ganglion in the trigeminal nerves and piggy back on the trigeminal nerves to reach their target organ

Year 2 Term 1 Control (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions