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Year 2 Term 1 Control > Face > Flashcards

Face Flashcards

1
Q

4 roles of the muscles of facial expression?

A

1) Act as sphincters and dilators controlling the various openings
2) Support the angles of the eyes and mouth
3) Prevent secretions dribbling on to the face
4) Communication - change the expression of the face

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2
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

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3
Q

What are the sensory and autonomic functions of the facial nerve?

A

Sensory - taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Autonomic - lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland

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4
Q

Which 2 muscles act as dilators of the eye?

A

Act to elevate the eyelid

1) Levator palpebrae superioris
2) Smooth muscle called superior tarsal (mullers muscle)

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5
Q

Paralysis of orbicularis oculi can lead to what serious complication?

A

Results in failure of the eyelid to close - can lead to corneal injury due to lack of protection and dryness

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6
Q

Which muscles acts as a sphincter for the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris

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7
Q

What is the function of the buccinator muscle in neonates and in adults?

A

In neonates - for suckling reflex

In adults - presses cheek against teeth and pushes food out of this space and onto the molars

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8
Q

Which is the largest of the paired salivary glands?

A

The parotid

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9
Q

What interval does the parotid gland occupy?

A

The interval between the mastoid process and the origin of sternocleidomastoid posteriorly and the ramus of the mandible, which it overlaps, anteriorly

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10
Q

What does the parotid gland lie within?

A

The fascial parotid sheath which is continuous with the investing fascia of the neck

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11
Q

Name a condition in which the parotid gland becomes swollen and why this may be painful?

A

Parotid gland stones
The facial nerve travels through the parotid gland and inflammation of the parotid may lead to pressure on the facial nerve causing pain

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12
Q

Where does the parotid duct open in the mouth?

A

Near the second upper molar tooth

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve divides into its 5 terminal branches within the parotid gland?

A

The facial nerve

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14
Q

The facial nerve lies superficially in the parotid gland so is vulnerable to damage, name 2 situations in which the nerve may be at risk?

A

Inflammation of the parotid gland

Trauma to the face

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15
Q

Other than the facial nerve which 2 other important vessels lie within the parotid gland?

A

1) Retromandibular vein (drains into the internal jugular)

2) Deep to that is the external carotid artery

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16
Q

What 2 terminal branches does the external carotid divide into within the parotid gland and which way do these project?

A

1) Maxillary artery - projects anteriorly

2) Superficial temporal artery - projects superiorly

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17
Q

Which cranial nerve loops anterior to the internal and external carotids just superior to the bifurcation - where is it travelling?

A

The hypoglossal nerve - running towards the tongue

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18
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

1) Masseter
2) Temporalis
3) Medial pterygoid
4) Lateral pterygoid

19
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

Elevates the mandible - a muscle of mastication

20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the masseter muscle?

A

Masseteric nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve

21
Q

Which muscle acts as a sphincter around the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

22
Q

Which muscle lies above the orbit running posteriorly over the skull?

A

Frontalis muscle

23
Q

The fibres of which muscle run upwards from the corner of the mouth, what do they do?

A

Zygomaticus muscle

Helps to elevate the corner of the mouth

24
Q

Which muscle does the parotid duct run over?

A

The masseter muscle

25
Q

Where does the masseter muscle extend from and to?

A

Extends from the zygomatic arch superiorly to the angle of the mandible inferiorly

26
Q

At what point does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity, penetrating which muscle?

A

Once the parotid gland reaches the anterior margin of masseter it penetrates the buccinator muscle which forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity

27
Q

What must be removed to reveal the buccinator muscle?

A

The buccal fat pad

28
Q

What 2 important arteries does the maxillary artery give rise to?

A

Inferior alveolar - supplying the teeth

Middle meningeal artery

29
Q

What is the most superficial muscle in the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

30
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid muscle extend from and to?

A

From the mastoid process on skull to the sternum and clavicle

31
Q

Which vessel runs on the anterior surface of sternocleidomastoid?

A

External jugular vein

32
Q

What forms the 3 borders of the anterior triangle in the neck?

A

Superior border - inferior border of mandible
Medial border - imaginary midline running to sternal notch
Lateral border - medial border of sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles, which 2 are more superficial?

A 
More superficial
1) Sternohyoid
2) Omohyoid
Deeper
1) Sternothyroid
2) Thyrohyoid
34
Q

Which is the most superficial suprahyoid muscle and what muscle lies deep to that?

A

Most superficial = anterior belly of digastric

Deep to that = mylohyoid

35
Q

Where does the mylohyoid muscle run from?

A

Runs from mandible, meets in midline where 2 halves interdigitate and then extends posteriorly to the hyoid bone

36
Q

Mylohyoid is one of the muscles which forms the floor of what?

A

The mouth

37
Q

The cricoid cartilage is what shape?

A

Resembles a sovereign ring and your just looking at the band

38
Q

Why is the cricothyroid membrane an important region?

A

Can gain access to the airway by passing through this membrane

39
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the carotid artery in the carotid sheath?

A

Deep to the carotid a.

40
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis and where does it run?

A

Loop of nerves formed from C1,C2,C3
Gives rise to various nerves which go to supply some of the infrahyoid muscles
The anterior part of the loop runs down the anterior surface of the internal jugular vein
The posterior part of the loop runs posterior to the internal jugular vein

41
Q

Does the internal or external carotid lie most laterally?

A

The internal carotid lies most laterally

42
Q

Which 3 arteries come of the external carotid in the neck?

A

From superior to inferior

1) Facial
2) Lingual
3) Superior thyroid

43
Q

Why may you only see 2 vessels coming off the external carotid in the neck region?

A

The lingual and facial may come off a joint stalk

44
Q

What does the facial artery pass through?

A

The sub mandibular gland

Year 2 Term 1 Control (14 decks)

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