Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Term 1 Control > Lecture 5: Forebrain and Ventricles > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Forebrain and Ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain made up of, what is its embryological origin?

A

Made up of the diencephalon and the cerebral hemispheres

All structures rostral to the midbrain and derived from the prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the forebrain responsible for?

A

Higher level processing of information

Perception, analysis, interpretation, integration, storage, planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What separates the thalamus from the hypothalamus?

A

The hypothalamic sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the 3rd ventricle lie?

A

Between the 2 thalami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Embrologically, the thalamus and hypothalamus appears as 2 swellings of the lateral aspect of the central canal, which lies dorsally and which ventrally?

A

Thalamus - dorsally

Hypothalamus - ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Large, egg shaped collection of nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the nuclei of the thalamus do?

A

Send fibres to the cerebral cortex - either to a sharply defined area or more diffusely
Those connecting to defined cortical area (eg. to visual cortex) are called relay nuclei, may be sensory or motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hypothalamus made up of?

A

Several nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

In control of the ANS and has neuroendocrine function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Other than the thalamus and the hypothalamus, what other structures make up the diencephalon?

A

The subthalamus and the epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the subthalamus found and what is its function?

A

Found underneath the thalamus

Involved in motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can damage to the subthalamus result in?

A

Lots of random motor contractions - involuntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the epithalamus and what is its role?

A

Includes the pineal gland, can be seen posterior to the hypothalamic sulcus
This is in control of circadian rhythm and secretes melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 parts of the corpus callosum and where do they lie?

A

1) Splenium - most posterior part of the corpus callosum
2) Body - middle part of the corpus callosum
3) Genu - most anterior part of the corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

Lies inferior to the corpus callosum, its a thin membrane which covers the medial wall of the third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Bundle of white matter which lies inferior to the inferior border of the septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the fornix?

A

Relay information between the temporal lobe and the hypothalamus, temporal lobe is involved in the storage of memories, the fornix conveys the information which leads to autonomic controlled processes related to previous experiences - eg. sweating at an interview

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

Lies anterior to the fornix, its another bundle of white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the anterior commissure?

A

Helps to connect the 2 cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The fornix, corpus callosum and septum pellucidum are all part of what?

A

The cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the optic nerve lie in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Projects from the hypothalamus at the most inferior anterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the mamillary bodies lies in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

At the most inferior posterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the pituitary stalk (infundibulum) lie in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Projects from the inferior border, in between the optic nerve and the mamillary bodies

24
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

The point of contact of the 2 thalami, bisecting through the 3rd ventricle

25
Q

What are the 2 swellings of the telencephalon either side of the midline connected by?

A

The lamina terminalis

26
Q

What does the embryological lamina terminalis go on to form?

A

The anterior commissure and the corpus callosum

27
Q

What are the 3 horns of the lateral ventricles and which lobe does each occupy?

A

Anterior horn - occupies the frontal lobe
Posterior horn - occupies occipital lobe
Inferior horn - occupies the temporal lobe

28
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex?

A

Varies in thickness, between 2-4mm thick

29
Q

How much of the total surface area of the cerebral cortex is hidden by the sulci?

A

Over half

30
Q

What is the difference between a short association fibre, a long association fibre and commisural fibre?

A

Short association fibres - connect 2 adjacent gyri in the same hemisphere
Long association fibres - connect 2 non-adjacent gyri in the same hemisphere
Commissural fibres - connect 2 gyri in different hemispheres

31
Q

Corpus callosum and anterior commissure contain what kind of fibres?

A

Commissural fibres

32
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres found within the brain?

A

1) Association fibres
2) Commissural fibres
3) Projection fibres

33
Q

What is the function of projection fibres?

A

To carry information to or from the hemispheres

34
Q

The internal capsule contains what kind of fibres?

A

Projection fibres

35
Q

What does the deep grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres form?

A

Forms a group of nuclei called the basal ganglia

36
Q

Name 2 nuclei found within the basal ganglia?

A

1) Caudate nucleus

2) Lentiform nucleus

37
Q

What 2 parts make up the lentiform nucleus, which lies deeper?

A

Globus pallidus
Putamen
globus pallidus is deeper

38
Q

In a horizontal section of the brain which 2 parts of the caudate nucleus can be seen, what shape is it?

A

Its C shaped so in horizontal section the head and tail of the caudate nucleus can be seen seperately

39
Q

What is the basal ganglia surrounded by?

A

White matter

40
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Involved in movement

41
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

Series of interconnecting chambers all derived from the lumen of the neural tube
In the spinal cord this is the central canal
In the brain an elaborate system of ventricles is formed

42
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles found?

A

Within the cerebral hemispheres

43
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle found?

A

Between the cerebellum, pons and medulla

44
Q

How are the 2 lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle connected?

A

By the interventricular foramen

45
Q

How are the 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle connected?

A

By the cerebral aquaduct

46
Q

How does the CSF produced in the ventricular system pass into the subarachnoid space?

A

Via the 2 lateral apertures and the 1 median aperture of the 4th ventricle

47
Q

What can be found passing through the middle of the 3rd ventricle, does this have a function?

A

The interthalamic adhesion

Has no function - no fibres pass through it

48
Q

As well as physical protection what else does CSF provide for the brain?

A

Chemical stability

49
Q

What is CSF produced by?

A

Specialised areas lining the ventricles called the choroid plexus

50
Q

What is the total volume of CSF in an adult, how much is produced per day?

A

Total volume in adult ~150ml

500ml is produced per day

51
Q

Give the 4 functions of CSF?

A

1) Brain and spinal cord float to reduce traction
2) Cushioning effect to dampen trauma
3) Removes metabolites from the CSF
4) Provides stable environment

52
Q

How basically does the choroid plexus produce CSF?

A

Made of epitheloid cells
Receives blood supply from the choroid plexus
Passes through the epithelium into the ventricles

53
Q

What happens if CSF circulation is blocked?

A

CSF accumulates upstream of the blockage, CSF then accumulates in the brain and hydrocephalus results

54
Q

In which ventricles is the majority of CSF produced?

A

In the lateral ventricles

55
Q

How is CSF recycled into the venous system?

A

Arachnoid granulations pass from the subarachnoid space into dural sinuses
CSF recycled into the dural sinuses, predominantly the superior sagittal sinus

Year 2 Term 1 Control (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions