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World Cities > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How many mega cities does east Asia have?

A

8

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2
Q

What its the one global city in east Asia?

A

Tokyo largest city in the world for three decades (almost 40million)

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of urban agglomerations in east Asia?

A

(hongkong, shnegen)

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4
Q

What is the largest port in the world?

A

Shanghai

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5
Q

How is Shanghai a well defined region?

A

Well defined region, sea on east and mountains on west so its contained and isolated in a way from the world

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6
Q

What does east Asia exude?

A

power and success

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7
Q

What is east Asia considered?

A

Command centre of the world economy

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8
Q

What is the worlds factory?

A

China

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9
Q

What kind of growth is east Asia experiencing?

A

• Quick growth: relative success at coping with rapid growth and large size of population growth (10 million people) but does come with some problems

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10
Q

Why is Korea unique?

A

• North Korea is the lone holdout in East Asia in clinging to a rigid isolationist, orthodox socialist system

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11
Q

What kind of economy does China have?

A

China has market based economy, but also central

-the other countries in the region are democratic rule

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12
Q

Is china one of the original centres of urban development?

A

Yes, started growing along side of Greece

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13
Q

Do Chinese cities flux or are stable?

A

Chinese cities have been a lot more stable, older cities are still around today. Not too much flux on the city

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14
Q

What kind of cities does china have?

A

• China has some of the oldest continuously occupied cities in the world

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15
Q

Since china has some stable cities what does that prove?

A

Shows the long term sustainability of asian civilizations

Long-term sustainability of East Asian civilizations: China, Koreas and Japan did not go through the Roman-style collapse of their cities

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16
Q

Where is the economic centre?

A

Every country has a center of economics (geo stat technique) and if weighted by GDP then China is really high along with Americas. Take average of all countries and you get the wted center of gravity throughout time.

Was in roman empire, then now there is china with minor powers in between. China Went through weak period ecnomically and the center shifted west, and now it is swinging back to the east towards china

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17
Q

What was traditionally chinas capital?

A

• Chang’an (Xi’an) was traditionally China’s capital city

○ Was in the center of the country, focused on agricultural wealth

○ Colonizers pulled the main cities towards the coast and open it up to the world economy

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18
Q

What kind of layout was used in East Asian cities?

A

Formalized city layout was used as the model for other cities in the region including Kyoto and Seoul

• Chinese cities had influence on Korean and Japanese city structure

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19
Q

What is the classic Chinese city?

A
  • Idealized form of Chinese city: highly formalized and symmetrical design, grid layout, surrounding wall with strategically placed gates
  • No organic growth really, its all designed, urban planning from the start
  • Walls aorund for defence
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20
Q

What is important when chosing where to put a Chinese classic city?

A

• Site and situation is important (access to food water and defence)
○ Long term success absed on situation

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21
Q

Since cities in East Assia are growing fast what happens to urban growth?

A

• Heavy loss of traditional architecture in most cities due to fast growth
-Because of the rate of growth and the great cultural upheaval and communists came into power (they said out with the old and in with the new). So a lot of the old buildings were destroyed

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22
Q

Who tried to colonize East Asia?

A
  • European colonizers had a tough time in East Asia
  • Portuguese tried to conquer China but were forced to accept Macau (island)
  • Portuguese set-up trading post in Nagasaki (introduced firearms, military technology into Japan)
  • Later, British set up port cities in China
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23
Q

Who best kept out the colonizers in east Asia?

A

○ Japan was best at keeping colonizers at bay

○ Portuguese were not able to increase foothold, USA came later and had more of an impact but they were kicked out

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24
Q

In the treaty of Nanjing what did Britain receive?

A

Britain received Hong Kong for long-term lease, also rights to reside in Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai

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25
Q

Originally how many treaty ports were there?

A

5, then 9 then more by 1911

- All along the coast or along rivers, there was no deeper penetration into the land

26
Q

In these treaty cities, what did the UK only have?

A

concessions in cities only

27
Q

What kind of architecture is in treaty cities?

A

More European

28
Q

Did Japan have any treaty ports?

A

A few treaty ports from 1858 to 1899, then equal partner with west

29
Q

What was the castle town in Japan?

A

Castle town: Osaka 1583 (economic and administrative functions)

30
Q

What stimulated trade and city growth?

A

Cities connected by highway network that stimulated trade and city growth, eg. Tokaido Highway

31
Q

Why is Japan the exception?

A

because not been taken over by colonial powers. Turned into a colonizer of its own in east asia (colonized koreas and parts of china)

32
Q

How do castle towns start?

A

• Castle towns were made nodes (terms by portugese when they invaded). These cities/nodes connected by road network and was a new phase in japanese organization
○ Construction stimulated trade and city growth

33
Q

Did Japanese have colonialism?

A

• After 1899, it became a colonial power in rest of East Asia
• Japanese had impact on Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria
○ Introduced western style city planning when picked up from Westerners and Europeans and imposed this on palces where they colonized. They were ruthless and drestroyed a lot of old architecture
○ City wall razed, roads and infrastructure improved; deliberate destruction of traditional palaces and structures in an effort to stamp out local resistance

34
Q

When did China and Japan start their industrial period ?

A

Japan 1900

China 1970

35
Q

What are the social effects of industrialization?

A

• High rates of rural-to-urban migration
○ Pulling in a lot of workers from country
• Rising urban-rural inequalities
○ 1/2 country is rural is much poorer than the urban population
• Significant inequalities of socio-economic classes especially between locals and migrants
○ Locals of cities and migrant. Registration system effects this and has exhasperatied these inequalities
• High-density (sprawl) development and heavy reliance on public transport systems
○ Wokers live in high density developments, different from country living and detached housing
○ More and more people are taking cars, but traditionally bikes
• Lack of services due to speed of development
○ See a lot more acute problems

36
Q

What are the internal Structure of East Asian cities?

A

Hard to generalize because osmose areas are state controlled, and centrally controlled

  • china/North Korea state controlled development
  • High density sprawl everywhere, especially hong kong thees not a lot of room to build
  • Cities have aspects of both concentric or multiple-nuclei model
  • Concentric and multiple nuclei zones
37
Q

What are the concentric zones of the peoples republic of china?

A

Pre communist, the communist taking effect (factories, worker living sonzes, professionals), then other zones corresponding to more recent growth rings. Now with the last 20 yrs there is even more NA style development for the new rich (town house, detached)

38
Q

What are the distinctive cities of east Asia based on function and size?

A

(1) megalopolises or super-conurbations [Tokyo];
(2) recently decolonized cities [Hong Kong];
(3) primate cities [Seoul];
(4) socialist cities [Beijing and Shanghai];
(5) regional centres [Taipei]

39
Q

How long is the Tokyo and tokaido megalopolis regional belt?

A

500 km long regional urban belt

○ Connections growing in between cities and is really well connected between the cities

• Goods and services and people flow through the corridor

40
Q

In Tokyo are there disparities between people in the city?

A

• Disproportionate share of workers, factories, headquarters of major corporations, financial services, institutions of higher education, industrial production, exports, and college students, major governmental functions

41
Q

What is the city of Tokyo considered?

A

A primate city that’s sucking talent and money from rest of japan. Government trying to move services away but companies and people want to be in tokyo

42
Q

What is Jing Jin Ji?

A

A MEGALOPOLIS

  • China has mulitple centers and has has a more balanced urban hierarchy than Japan
  • And these are all growing into one another for a huge megalopolis
43
Q

What kind of city is Beijing?

A

Socialist city

  • Destroying the old and building the new
  • Wide boulevards and huge Stalinesque buildings
  • Strong centrally planned country and chose beijing
44
Q

What is the forbidden city?

A

• Palace of the empire of Ming and Qing dynasty in ancient China
• Ancient heart of beijing
• Wasn’t destroyed, China celebrating its past and going back to the roots
○ Economically market based

45
Q

In Beijing where is the most growth happening?

A

• Growth in concentric circles, most growth on the outer sides of the ring and over the years the most growth will be on the outskirts of Beijing

46
Q

What is the city of Shanghai an example of?

A

Shanghai one of the best examples of poor site but great relative location (water transport)

47
Q

What are the poor site characteristics of Shanghai?

A

High ground water, very hard to build on the land (Sand and silt), fresh water issues
○ Really good laction though

48
Q

What is the difference between Beijing and Shanghai?

A

• Admin and political center (bejing) and shanghai is the economic center

49
Q

What are the growing pains of shanghai?

A

Some people were evicted from the centre ish because they wanted to redevelop the city

50
Q

Who originally had control over Hong Kong?

A

leased from China for 99 years until 1997, 1040 sq km

Colonial creation of britan andunder british rule for under 99 years.

51
Q

Since hong kong doesn’t have a lot of growth what’s causing to their citizens?

A

Families being moved because of reconstruction projects or because they are coming in as migrants.
○ Migrants have a harder time finding housing

52
Q

What are characteristics of Hong Kong ?

A

Important trading post, manufacturing (outside now), acting more as the shop front (where you make the deals) and the goods and services are coming from outside

53
Q

What is a SAR?

A

The special administrative regions (SAR)
– autonomous governance unit.
Came about because of places reverting back to chinese rule (hongkong, Macaus)

54
Q

What is a SEZ?

A

special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country.
○ Areas set up in cities where forgein investment was invited in. Would not have to pay taxes and lax regulations so they could just come in and set to the factories
○ Mental health of workers (working in not the best conditions) but compared to lives the workers had before moving to these zones, its been a positive for many of them
-Now there is a booming middle class, due to it being set up as a SEZ

55
Q

How many internal migrants are in China?

A 
170 million rural migrants (rural-hukou) built new china, pulled in via innduatrialization and still treated as 2nd class citizens 
	○ Don’t have as easy access to nicer appartments, good education etc
	• Unequal treatment (limited access to urban services, 2nd class citizens)
56
Q

What are city environmental problems?

A
  • Rapid urban growth has price
  • Large-scale environmental devastation
  • CHINA NOW REALISING You cant just grow without regards to the envrionment and they are really on board with greening up the city and reducing its pollution
57
Q

What is the Cheonggyecheon River Restoration (water quality soeul)?

A
  • Covered streams casue they were polluted in the 50/60s, but in soeul they restored the river
  • Demolished the elevated highway and made the river visible and and walk along it
  • Used to bee a poorer part of town and better to do people now moving in and making it more expensive
58
Q

Does China have air pollution problem?

A
  • Very bad casue more and more pople are using cars, effect of factories and the coal fired power plants
  • Impacts human health. And the better to do people are going to leave the city with pollution and they could be moving to north america or singapore that don’t have this problem
  • Some of this pollution is going to othere countries via wind
  • India now has now worse air pollution than china casue china is cleaning up its act
59
Q

What are solutions to combat the air pollution?

A

• Switch to natural gas for power plants (ontario has done this)
• Move away heavy industry from cities
○ Other parts of SE asia or africa
• Vehicle management (can only drive on certain days)
• Heavy investment in public transportation and trying to bring back the bicycles

60
Q

What is a smart city?

A

is a designation given to a city that incorporates information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance the quality and performance of urban services such as energy, transportation and utilities in order to reduce resource consumption, wastage and overall costs

World Cities (10 decks)

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