Lecture 4 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the GME urbanization?
- Market
- Bedestan – covered market
- Tells – hills
- Wadi – riverbed
- Maghreb – Western North Africa
- Kasbah - citadel
- Medina – city
- Gecekondu
- Ashwaiyyat
What are the different terms for market?
- Bazaar (Persian)
- Pazar (Turkish
- Souks (Arabic)
- Shuks (Hebrew)
Where do the Stans belong too?
• Some of the stans are with Russia now and are more tied to Asia and Moscow then towards the middle east proper.
What ties all the GME countries together?
• What ties all these countries together is the important rule of islam. Historically they were linked with ancient trade routes
What % of this region is urbanized?
62%
Where is the birthplace of urbanization?
GME
- UR comes from the ancient city of ur.
Where is the first cityS found?
1st cities of the world are fouund in mezapotamia (present day isreal, jerioco and turkey).
• As well as egypt aand along the nile is the second wave of urbanization
How many people were in cities when they were first starting?
• Most cities of antiquity only held 2000 to 20,000 people; cities were relgious, adminstrative and political in nature
Are the ancient city names the same as today?
• Modern name for most ancient cities in the GME. These are not very modern cities
When was the city of Çatalhöyük, Turkey founded?
6500 BC was a happening place (9000 years ago)
How many people were in Çatalhöyük, Turkey?
50,000 people at that time, one of the first big settlements. Agricultural people were starting to grow crops and piling go
What evolved first, urbanization or civilization?
Both evolved hand in hand
What are the characteristics of urbanization and civilization in the GME?
Large harvest Storing food and other possessions from larger harvest Not enough water Lots of people living together Wave of empires
Why is a large harvest important?
• storage (pottery, etc), trade grows because there are multiple centers
Why is storing food and other possessions from larger harvest important?
- writing and record-keeping
- accounting
- banking
- fortification/watchtowers
Why is not enough water important?
• Irrigation, store water on the landscape so you can water your crops
Why is people living together important?
- larger buildings, densely built area
* codified laws
What are the different kinds of empires?
• Greek • Roman • Byzantine • Islamic empires § Umayyids § Abbasids § Fatimids § Ottomans □ Series of different kinds of empires • Europeans • Americans
What are the 3 shared characteristics of the GME?
Physical geography (arid, semi-arid, Mediterranean)
Cultural geography dominated by the influence/presence of Islam
Relative location between three continents: middle. The situaiton in between europe, asia and africa
Why is there a fresh water deficiency in the GME?
- Total withdrawal as percentar of total water aviaable (aquifers, rivers etc.)
- Little rain
- Scorching temperature
- Desert winds