Lecture 6

Question 1

Silicoflagellate morphology

Answer 1

Opaline skeleton (SiO2)
Hemispherical shape to radial symmetry

Question 2

Silicoflagellate ecology

Answer 2

Autotroph or mixotroph
Exclusively marine; cosmopolitan

Question 3

Silicoflagellate stratigraphy

Answer 3

Cretaceous-present

Question 4

Silicoflagellate environment of occurrence

Answer 4

Must be in the natural environment; difficult to keep alive in cultures

Question 5

Chitinozoa morphology

Answer 5

Test or tegument
Composed of refractory organic material (pseudochitin)
Flask-shaped body, dark brown or black

Question 6

Chitinozoa ecology

Answer 6

Unknown
Hypotheses: Liked to diverse lifeforms across different kingdoms, eggs produced by a marine metazoan (most plausible hypothesis)

Question 7

Chitinozoa stratigraphy

Answer 7

Ordovician-Carboniferous

Question 8

Chitinozoa acme

Answer 8

During Silurian

Question 9

Radiolarians morphology

Answer 9

Radially symmetrical exoskeleton composed of amorphous silica (SiO2)
2 morphological types: spumellarians and nassellarians

Question 10

Radiolarians ecology

Answer 10

Pelagic, capable of vertical migrations
Feed on various planktic organisms
Exclusively marine; all depths
Symbiosis with some dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae)

Question 11

Radiolarians stratigraphy

Answer 11

Cambrian-present

Question 12

Radiolarians

Answer 12

Biospheres
Contain spines

Question 13

Nassellarian appearance

Answer 13

Look like a badminton shuttle

Question 14

Testate amoebae morphology

Answer 14

Organic, calcium carbonate, siliceous or agglutinated test (or theca)

Question 15

Testate amoebae ecology

Answer 15

Benthic, lacustrine or subaerial aquatic, fresh water
Good tracers of pH and tropic levels

Question 16

Testate amoebae stratigraphy

Answer 16

Mostly known from quaternary deposits

Question 17

What is a testate amoebae’s agglutinated test formed by?

Answer 17

Cementation of sedimentary and biogenic particles available in the water

Question 18

Tintinnids etymology

Answer 18

Latin for small bell

Question 19

Tintinnids morphology

Answer 19

Organic or agglutinated cyst and lorica
Vase shape

Question 20

Tintinnids ecology

Answer 20

Exclusively marine, pelagic, neritic (coastal) to oceanic
Abundant in high productivity regions

Question 21

Tintinnids stratigraphy

Answer 21

Since the Ordovician

Question 22

Foraminifera morphology

Answer 22

Calcium carbonate or agglutinated test, composed of a series of chambers connected to one another by a foramen
Last chamber is open (aperture)

Question 23

Foraminifera ecology

Answer 23

Benthic (more diverse; vagile or sessile) or planktic
Feed on dissolved organic matter, bacteria, diatoms, etc.
Exclusively marine
Good tracers of palaeoceanographic conditions

Question 24

Foraminifera stratigraphy

Answer 24

Beginning of the Cambrian-present

Question 25

Defining feature of planktic foraminifera
Explain

Answer 25

Pseudopodia:
Catch food, locomotion-flotation, anchoring (benthic)

Question 26

Benthic foraminifera

Answer 26

Live in or on the seafloor sediment
Attached to substrate or free living

Question 27

CaCO3 benthic foraminifera

Answer 27

Porcelaneous: Uniform; smooth, whitish, shiny
Hyaline: Transparent; vitreous [glassy] appearance

Question 28

Examples of primary producers in the protists

Answer 28

Coccolithophore
Diatom
Dinoflagellate

Question 29

Examples of grazers in the protists

Answer 29

Foraminifera
Radiolarian
Tintinnid

Question 30

Ooze

Answer 30

Biogenic remains