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Paleontology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What does porifera mean?

A

Grade of organization between the protozoans and the metaozoans

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2
Q

What is a defining characteristic of the phylum porifera?

A

Cells not organized into tissues

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3
Q

Porifera oculum

A

Central cavity opening at top

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4
Q

Porifera choanocyte

A

Generates water current and filers food particles from water

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5
Q

Porifera mesoglea

A

“In-between” structure
Involved in nutrient transfer

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6
Q

Porifera spicules
Composition?

A

Skeleton
Mostly SiO2 and CaCO3

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7
Q

Porifera canals

A

Incurrent water flow
Important in feeding and respiration
Travels to chambers

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8
Q

Porifera habitat

A

Marine or fresh water

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9
Q

Porifera ecology

A

Adults (sessile, benthic)
Larval (motile)

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10
Q

Porifera stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian-present

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11
Q

Stromatoporoidea stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician - Devonian

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12
Q

Stromatoporoidea structures

A

Laminae (horizontal)
Pillars (vertical)
Galleries (spaces)
Fossil calcareous sponges

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13
Q

Stromatoporoidea composition

A

CaCO3

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14
Q

Stromatoporoidea importance

A

Reef builders in Paleozoic
Able to grow in shallow and turbulent water

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15
Q

Archaeocyatha stratigraphic range

A

Lower to upper cambrian

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16
Q

Archaeocyatha structure

A

Inverted conical shape

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17
Q

Archaeocyatha composition

A

CaCO3

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18
Q

Archaeocyatha paleoecology

A

Shallow tropical environments
Deeper than surf zone
Marine, benthic, sessile
Colonial or solitary

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19
Q

Cnidaria tissue organization

A

Diploblastic: epidermis (outside), gastrodermis (stomach)

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20
Q

Cnidaria symmetry

A

External: radial
Internal: bilateral

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21
Q

Cnidaria tentacles

A

Contain cnidocytes (stinging cells)

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22
Q

Cnidaria (hydroid) mouth

A

Opening, doubles as anus
Takes in food and excretes waste

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23
Q

Cnidaria polyps

A

Fixed, abudant in fossil record

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24
Q

Cnidaria medusae

A

Free-swimming, rarely fossilized

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25
Q

General cnidarian life cycle

A

Successive generations of life-stages (polymorphic)
Polyp (asexual phase)
Medusae (sexual phase)

26
Q

Cnidaria feeding pattern

A

Carnivorous (prey on fish, crustaceans)

27
Q

3 classes of cnidaria

A

Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Anthozoa

28
Q

Cnidaria stratigraphic range

A

Precambrian - recent

29
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Unique stinging or adhesive structures
Cells containing coiled nematocysts

30
Q

Nematocysts

A

Fired from cnidocytes to inject venom

31
Q

Hydrozoa stratigraphic range

A

Precambrian-present

32
Q

Scyphozoa stratigraphic range

A

Precambrian-present

33
Q

Conulariid stratigraphic range

A

Proterozoic-Triassic

34
Q

Defining characteristic of rugosa

A

Wrinkled epitheca

35
Q

Rugosa stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician-Permian

36
Q

Rugosa composition

37
Q

Rugosa septae

A

Thin vertical plates; generally laminar, straight

38
Q

Rugosa corallite

A

Coral skeleton

39
Q

Are rugose corals solitary or colonial?

40
Q

Rugosa calyx

A

Part that is in contact with the basis of the polyp

41
Q

Rugosa tabulae

A

Transverse plates; flat, convex or concave

42
Q

Rugosa dissepiments

A

Curved, angular structures along periphery of coral

43
Q

General life forms of rugosa

A

Solitary and colonial

44
Q

Horn coral

A

Solitary rugosa

45
Q

Tabulata stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician - Permian

46
Q

Are tabulata colonial or solitary?

A

Always colonial

47
Q

Tabulata corallite

A

Coral skeleton

48
Q

Tabulata walls

A

Vertical structure

49
Q

Tabulata pores

A

At top of structure

50
Q

Tabulata tabulae

A

Horizontal structure

51
Q

Notable example of tabulata
Important characteristic

A

Favostids (“honeycomb corals”)
Have diagonal walls

52
Q

Another notable example of tabulata
Explain

A

Halysitid (“chain corals”)
Septa were infoldings, which allowed for more digestion and better grip to move sediment off structure

53
Q

Scleractinia stratigraphic range

A

Lower triassic-present

54
Q

Scleractinia composition

55
Q

Is Scleractinia solitary or colonial?

56
Q

Distinguishing feature about the Scleractinia septae

A

Septa are inserted in multiples of 6

57
Q

Scleractinia zooxanthellae

A

Dinoflagellates live in the tissues
Produces O2, glucose, AA, etc. used by corals to produce fats, carbs, CaCO3, etc.
Corals provide the zooxanthellae with a protected

58
Q

Scleractinia calyx

59
Q

How do Scleractinians differ from Rugose corals?

A

Arrangement of septa (symmetry)
Mineralogy
Development over time

60
Q

2 important sites for ediacaran biota

A

Ediacara Hills (Australia)
Mistaken Point (Newfoundland)

61
Q

Importance of Ediacaran biotas

A

First faunal record from the Precambrian
First soft-bodied animals
Lived on, or close to the surface of seafloor
Medusoids and sea-pens

Paleontology (14 decks)

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