Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term lophorophata mean?

A

Crest/tuft bearing

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2
Q

Classification of lophophorates

A

Triploblastic metazoans with a segmented colelom (partitioned mesodermic cavity)

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3
Q

How do lophophorates obtain their nutrients?

A

Active filter-feeders

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4
Q

Lophophorates environment

A

Dominantly marine

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5
Q

Lophophorates life mode

A

Benthic, sessile

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6
Q

Lophophorates specific nutrition mode

A

Microphagous/detrivorous

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7
Q

Lophophore

A

Horshoe- or spiral-shaped feeding organ bearing small ciliated tentacles that converge in a central mouth from which the gut descends

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8
Q

Functions of lophophore

A

Water circulation
Feeding
Oxygenation

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9
Q

3 phyla of lophophorata

A

Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
Bryozoa (ectroprocts; moss animals)
Brachiopoda

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10
Q

Phoronida (horseshoe worms)

A

Phore = bearing in front
Individual living in a tube
No (undisputed) body fossils

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11
Q

Bryozoa

A

Bryo = moss
Colonies with a moss-like appearance
Excellent fossil record

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12
Q

Brachipoda

A

Brachio = arm
Pode = foot
2 distinct valves
Large fossil record

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13
Q

Brachiopods are characteristic of what type of fauna?

A

Cambrian and Paleozoic

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14
Q

In the phylum phoronida, where do organisms live?

A

In a chitinous cylindrical tube fixed to the substrate

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15
Q

Explain the life mode of the phylum bryozoa

A

Every individual (zooid) forms a small chitinous chamber in which it lives as part of a larger colony (zoarium)

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16
Q

Stratigraphic range of bryozoa

A

Lower Ordovician-recent

17
Q

Polypid of phylum Bryozoa

A

Movable part of the zooid (soft tissue)

18
Q

Cystid/zoecium of phylum Bryozoa

A

Zooid wall, outer static part of the zooid (fossilizable)
Small chamber formed through a secretion by the ectoderm
Chitinous exoskeleton, reinforced by CaCO3
Opening with perostome, sometimes having an operculum

19
Q

Zooid of phylum Bryozoa

A

Individual, single member of a colony

20
Q

Zoarium of phylum Bryozoa

A

Includes all individuals/zooids of the colony

21
Q

Name 2 prominent examples of the phylum Bryozoa

A

Archimedes
Fenestrate

22
Q

Name the 2 main Bryozoan classes

A

Stenolaemata
Gymnolaemata

23
Q

Stemolaemata stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician-recent

24
Q

Gymnolaemata stratigraphic range

A

Devonian-recent

25
Morphology of brachiopods
Calcareous or phosphatic shell Two valves, inequivalve, each shell is characterized by a bilateral symmetry
26
Ecology of brachiopoda
Exclusively marine, benthic, sessile Very abundant during Paleozoic and Mesozoic - shallow water Most modern brachiopods are found in deep and/or cold waters
27
Stratigraphy of brachipods
Lower Cambrian-present
28
2 important features of brachiopods
Pedicle Lophophore
29
In brachiopods, what is the lophophore supported by?
The brachidium
30
How do brachiopods open and close valves?
Actively by means of pairs of muscles Opening: Diductor muscles Closing: Adductor muscles Orientation: Adjustor muscles
31
Names of brachiopod valves
Pediclar valve (top) Brachial valve (bottom)
32
Pedicle valve
Contains foramen, through which passes the pedicle 2 openings below the forman contain the delthyrium
33
Brachial valve
Contains the brachidium
34
Classes in Brachiopoda phylum
Articulata Craniiformea Lingulata
35
What happened at the Permo/Triassic extinction?
Faunal change from brachiopods to bivalves