Lecture 12

Question 1

General diversification pattern

Answer 1

Net increase in diversification throughout Phanerozoic

Question 2

3 evolutionary faunas

Answer 2

Cambrian
Paleozoic
Modern

Question 3

Cambrian fauna examples

Answer 3

Trilobite
Lingulid brachipod

Question 4

Paleozoic fauna examples

Answer 4

Rugose coral
Crinoid
Articulate brachiopod

Question 5

Modern fauna examples

Answer 5

Bivalve
Gastropod
Crustacean

Question 6

Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE)

Answer 6

Filling in of phylogeny with many classes, orders, and families

Question 7

What groups were most affected by GOBE?

Answer 7

Cephalopods, corals, brachiopods, echinoderms

Question 8

2 conditions that may have encouraged the GOBE to occur

Answer 8

Shallow warm seas
High sea level

Question 9

Name the 5 major mass extinctions

Answer 9

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction
Late Devonian Extinction
Permian-Triassic Extinction Event
Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event
Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event

Question 10

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction approximate date

Answer 10

445 Ma

Question 11

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction major causes

Answer 11

Global cooling therefore water was trapped in ice sheet which led to dramatic sea level decrease

Question 12

Late Ordovician Mass Extinction groups affected

Answer 12

Trilobites, corals, brachiopods, bryozoans, conodonts, echinoderms, graptolites, bivalves

Question 13

Late Devonian Mass Extinction approximate date

Answer 13

370 Ma

Question 14

Late Devonian Mass Extinction major causes

Answer 14

Very uncertain
Maybe due to changes in sea level and ocean anoxia, global cooling, volcanism

Question 15

Late Devonian Mass Extinction groups affected

Answer 15

Only marine life: brachiopods, trilobites, reef-building organisms

Question 16

Permian-Triassic Extinction Event AKA

Answer 16

The Great Dying

Question 17

Permian-Triassic Extinction Event approximate date

Answer 17

250 Ma

Question 18

Permian-Triassic Extinction Event major causes

Answer 18

Volcanic super-eruption, leading to oceans becoming acidic and low oxygen in oceans

Question 19

Permian-Triassic Extinction Event major groups affected

Answer 19

Many groups, including insects

Question 20

Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event approximate age

Answer 20

200 Ma

Question 21

Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event major causes

Answer 21

Large volcanic eruptions during breakup of Pangaea released a lot of CO2, caused global warming and ocean acidification

Question 22

Triassic-Jurassic Extinction Event major groups affected

Answer 22

Varied marine genera
Many land archosaurs (dinosaur relatives)

Question 23

Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event approximate date

Answer 23

66 Ma

Question 24

Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event major causes

Answer 24

Impact of a large asteroid, about 10-15 km wide, which hit what is now the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

Question 25

Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event major groups affected

Answer 25

Extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs, ammonoids, mosasaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, etc.

Question 26

What happened during Cenozoic diversification?

Answer 26

Great diversification of mammals