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Paleontology > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Universal features of molluscs

A

Mantle, radula and NS

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2
Q

Mantle

A

Produces shell

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3
Q

Radula

A

Hard mouth parts

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4
Q

Complex organs of molluscs

A

Full digestive tract, heart, nerve cords, mantle, gills

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5
Q

7 classes of molluscs

A

Rostrochonchia
Monoplacophora
Polyplacophora
Scaphopoda
Bivalvia
Gastropoda
Cepahalopoda

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6
Q

Rostrochonchia stratigraphic range

A

Late Cambrian - Late Permian

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7
Q

Rostrochonchia composition

A

CaCO3

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8
Q

Rostrochonchia basic structure

A

Similar to bivalves, but with at least one of the shell layers continuous across the dorsal margin - dorsal commissure is missing

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9
Q

Monoplacophora stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian - recent

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10
Q

Monoplacophora life mode

A

Epifaunal

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11
Q

Monoplacophora basic structure

A

Univalved, limpet-shaped
Circular to pear-shaped

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12
Q

Polyplacophora stratigraphic range

A

Upper Cambrian - recent

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13
Q

Polyplacophora commonly

A

Chitons

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14
Q

Polyplacophora composition

A

Aragonite plates

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15
Q

Polyplacophora life mode

A

Benthic, motile

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16
Q

Polyplacophora basic structure

A

Protective shell with 7 or 8 aragonite plates, articulated with one another

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17
Q

Polyplacophora unusual radula

A

Radula has teeth coated with magnetite

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18
Q

Polyplacophora distribution

A

Cosmopolitan, most are herbivorous grazers

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19
Q

Scaphopoda AKA

A

Tusk shells

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20
Q

Scaphopoda composition

A

CaCO3

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21
Q

Scaphopoda life mode

A

Benthic, infaunal, offshore

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22
Q

Scaphopoda stratigraphic range

A

Ordovician? - recent

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23
Q

Scaphopoda basic structure

A

Small tapering curving shell with openings at both ends
Anus located in the upper end
Reduced gills

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24
Q

Scaphopoda tentacles

A

Mouth permanently embedded in sediment; feed on small organisms using tentacles

25
Q

Bivalvia stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian - recent

26
Q

Bivalvia AKA

27
Q

Bivalvia composition

28
Q

Bivalvia stratigraphic range

A

Cambrian - recent

29
Q

Bivalvia valves

A

Pair of un-equilateral CaCO3 shells, united by dorsal hinge, which often bears teeth
Valves can be shut by strong internal muscles and passively opened with ligaments

30
Q

Bivalvia gills

31
Q

Bivalvia mantle cavity

A

Can be connected to the outer environment by siphons

32
Q

Bivalvia feeding

A

Suspension feeders

33
Q

Bivalvia shell layers

A

3 layers
Internal nacre layer: hypostracum
Intermediate layer: ostracum
External layer: periostracum (organic coating)

34
Q

Bivalvia symmetry

A

Hold valve with exterior of valve in the palm of your hand and with hinge up; the anterior part must be pointed away from you
Opening of the pallial sinus is always posterior
Umbo (beak) tends to be inclined anteriorly
If there are two muscle scars that are unequal, the anterior one is smaller

35
Q

Umbo

36
Q

Pallial line

A

Edge of where mantle was

37
Q

Basic soft tissue morphology

A

Absence of a brain
Adductor muscles
Ligaments
Foot
Mantle
Siphon

38
Q

What are weak or absent teeth associated with?

A

Epifaunal life mode

38
Q

What are large hinge teeth often associated with?

A

Deep burrowing

39
Q

3 types of classifications based on morphoecology

A

Vagile (motile)
Epifaunal (sessile)
Infaunal (burrowing)

40
Q

Form for a Pecten

A

Vagile (motile)
Can swim through vigorous and repeated clapping of the valves together/escape predators

41
Q

What organisms use byssal threads?

42
Q

Byssal threads

A

Fix epifaunal (sessile) organisms –> collagen filaments secreted by bivalve to attach to substratum

43
Q

What organisms use epifaunal (sessile) cementation?

44
Q

Rudists claim to fame

A

Reef builders

45
Q

Burrowers shell shape

A

Bimuscular, equivalve

46
Q

Burrowers pallial sinus significance

A

Location of siphon

47
Q

Burrower hinge teeth

A

Contain cardinal teeth and lateral tooth and socket

48
Q

Gastropoda common constituents

A

Snails and slugs

49
Q

Gastropoda composition

A

CaCO3 (mainly aragonite)

50
Q

Gastropoda life modes

A

Sexual (internal and external)
Often hermaphroditic/alteration of gender

51
Q

Gastropoda stratigraphic range

A

Lower Cambrian - present; terrestrial forms since the Carboniferous

52
Q

Gastropoda basic structure

A

Torsion of the visceral mass
Distinctive head, allows predation, eyes

53
Q

Gastropoda radula composition

54
Q

Gastropoda operculum

A

Door-like plate, how they can close themselves up in their shells

55
Q

Gastropoda siphonal canal

A

Soft tissue siphons

56
Q

Gastropoda unusual forms

A

Slipper shells, abalones, limpets

57
Q

Gastropoda nutrition

A

Mostly grazers in the Paleozoic, predatory forms arrive later (shell drillers, etc.)

Paleontology (14 decks)

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