Lecture 6

Question 1

colonocytes

Answer 1

epithelial cells that line the mucosa of the large intestine (colon)

Question 2

how many carbons does acetate have

Answer 2

2

Question 3

how many carbons does propionate have

Answer 3

3

Question 4

how many carbons does butyrate have

Answer 4

4

Question 5

what serves as the primary energy source for colonocytes

Answer 5

butyrate -> plays a role in maintaining cellular health and preventing inflammation

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

cross membranes freely, water and small lipid molecules (SCFA)

Question 7

facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

caririer brings in cpmpounds

Question 8

endocytosis

Answer 8

pinocytosis
large molecules are moved into the cell via engulfment by the cell membrane

Question 9

symport

Answer 9

relies on the energy of something going down its gradient to also go down its gradient in same direction

Question 10

antiport

Answer 10

relies on the energy of something going down its gradient to also go down its gradient in opp direction

Question 11

bicarb antiporter

Answer 11

draw

Question 12

na+-glucose symporter and glucose uniporter

Answer 12

draw

Question 13

cellular membrane composed of

Answer 13

phospholipids, proteins, carbs, cholesterol

Question 14

what is the cellular membrane held together by

Answer 14

non-covalent interactions

Question 15

the core of the _____________ inhibits ___________ from passing into and out of the cells

Answer 15

lipid bilyaer, many water soluble compounds

Question 16

the hydrophobic core helps_______________

Answer 16

retain essential water-soluble substances within the cells

Question 17

role of cholesterol in the membrane

Answer 17

enhances mechanic stability and regulates membrane fluidity

Question 18

what cholesterol affect

Answer 18

membrane function of the proteins embedded in the lipid membrane

Question 19

cholesterol is prominent in _____ membranes but barely detectable in _____ membranes

Answer 19

mitochondrial

Question 20

cardiolipin is a mjor component of the _________ membrane but not the ______ membrane

Answer 20

inner mitochondiral, plasma

Question 21

phosphatdylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidyglycerol are relatively __________ components

Answer 21

minor

Question 22

what are phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives used for

Answer 22

signal transductions triggered by hormones

Question 23

cell membranes have greater ________ content all exposed to the outside of the cell

Answer 23

carbohydrate

Question 24

______________ serve as distinctive ID tags

Answer 24

oligosaccharide

Question 25

what type of proteins are primarily located in the plasma membrane

Answer 25

receptor proteins

Question 26

three types of receptor proteins

Answer 26

1. convert the ligand stimulus into internal chemical signal
2. act as ion channels
3. internalize stimuli