Lecture 4

Question 1

what may be caused by lack of intrinsic factor + consequent inadequate absorption of vitamin b12

Answer 1

pernicious anemia

Question 2

what must vitamin b12 be combined with to be absorbed by the gut

Answer 2

intrinsic factor

Question 3

enzymes in gastric juice

Answer 3

pepsin
alpha-amylase
gastric lipase

Question 4

inhibits gastric motility/or secretions

Answer 4

CCK
secretin
peptide YY
somatostatin
substance P
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

Question 5

stimulates gastric motility/and or secretions

Answer 5

gastrin
histamine

Question 6

what causes overproduction of HCl

Answer 6

h pylori
aspirin
nsaid
alchohol

Question 7

h pylori damages

Answer 7

mucosal defense system

Question 8

h pylori reduces

Answer 8

thickness of the mucus gel layer

Question 9

h pylori ______ mucosal blood flow

Answer 9

dimnishes

Question 10

remedy for temporary burning sensation in throat and chest

Answer 10

1. drink milk
2. take antacids

Question 11

two classes of hcl inhibitors

Answer 11

histamine (h2) receptor blockers
H+/K+ pump inhibots

Question 12

sections of the small intestine

Answer 12

duodenum
jejenum
ileum

Question 13

glycocalyx is a ________ zone located at the ______ of many cells

Answer 13

carb rich, periphery

Question 14

what is the glycocalyx involved in

Answer 14

cell recognition, adhesion, protection of cell surface, permeability barriers

Question 15

what serves as id tags/receptors for hormones and some nutrients on glycocalyx

Answer 15

oligosaccharide

Question 16

what is used as an identifier by the immune system

Answer 16

glycocalyx

Question 17

_______ protects the vessel wall

Answer 17

endothelial glycocalyx

Question 18

____ and _____ amplify the samll intestinal surface area by 60-120 times

Answer 18

villi and microvilli

Question 19

purpose of the accessory organs

Answer 19

facilitate digestive and absorptive processes in the small intestine
pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 20

pancreatic ______ cells secrete ______ into the ______

Answer 20

acinar, pancreatic juice, duodenum

Question 21

what do pancreatic acinar cells secrete

Answer 21

a. bicarbonate (neutralize acidic chyme)
b. electrolytes
c. digestive enzymes (carb and lipid digestion)

Question 22

what enzymes are inactive in the pancreas and why

Answer 22

protein digesting, to prevent damage to the pancreas

Question 23

what do pancreatic duct cells secrete

Answer 23

bicarbonate
mucins

Question 24

duct cells

Answer 24

form the network of tubules that deliver enzymes produced by acinar cells into the duodenum

Question 25

pancreatic digestive enzymes hydrolyze ____ of proteins

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

pancreatic digestive enzymes hydrolyze ____ of carbs

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

pancreatic digestive enzymes hydrolyze ______ of ingested fat

Answer 27

80-90%

Question 28

enterocytes

Answer 28

take nutrient -> transport -> release into blood

Question 29

if not taken up by entereocytes,

Answer 29

can still be digested not absorbed

Question 30

what is lcoated on the brush border

Answer 30

glycocalyx

Question 31

what makes up the si brush border

Answer 31

enterocytes

Question 32

when is pancreatic juice released

Answer 32

when acinar cells are stimulated by hormones and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 33

produced in the liver

Answer 33

bile salts bilirubin cholesterol lecithin alkaline fluid

Question 34

enterohepatic circulation of bile

Answer 34

1. bile is made in the liver, stored in gallbladder 2. when the gallbladder contracts, bile is released into the cystic duct. the cystic duct joins the common bile duct 3. bile aids in lipid digestion by enabling large lipid globules to disperse in the watery environment of the small intestine 4. after adding in lipid digesiton, the bile constituents are reabosrbed from the ileum and returned to the liver via the hepatic portal vein 4. the liver uses these constituents to resynthesize bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder