Exam 1 Review Flashcards
layers of alimentary canal in order
lumen
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa
cardia
part near esophagus
contains cardiac glands
pylorus
part neat the pyloric sphincter
contains pyloric glands
fundus/body
largest part
between cardia and pylorus
contains gastric glands
cardiac glands
mainly mucus cells
some enteroendocrine cells interspersed
pyloric glands
mucus cells
enteroendocrine cells (G+D cells)
gastric glands
parietal cells
cheif cells
mucus cells
entereoendocrine cells (G cells)
parietal cells
IF, HCL
chief cells
pepsinogen, gastic lipase
what builds up the proton gradient in parietal cells
H+, K+-ATPase
which type of transport is bicarbonate leaving and Cl entering the parietal cell
secondary active
main proteolytic enzyme in the stomach
pepsin
accessory organs
pancreas
liver
gallbladder
what do bacteria synthesize in the large intestine
vitamin K
biotin
folic acid
purpose of bacteria in the large intestine
prevent pathogenic bacterial growth
breakdown dietary fiber (SCFA and gas)
promote motility
maintain mucosa
synthesize vitamin K, biotin, and folic acid
lower Km means what
higher affinity for substrate
factors that affect enzyme binding
substrate concentration
pH
temperature
coenzymes/cofactors
inhibitors
examples of enzyme classes
hydrolases (esterases, amidases, peptidases, phosphatases)
oxidoreductases (dehydrogenases, reductases, oxidases)
transfereases
isomerases
lysases
ligases
label pic of digestive tract
do it
label pic of ETC
do it
