Lecture 6

Question 1

What element is most susceptible to oxidation?

Answer 1

Iron

Question 2

What are the 3 types of weathering?

Answer 2

Physical, chemical, and biological.

Question 3

Which minerals are best at surviving weathering?

Answer 3

Minerals formed at lower temperatures. (they are hard and no strong cleavage planes)

Question 4

What is weathering?

Answer 4

A process that changes the surface material of the earth.

Question 5

What is erosion?

Answer 5

The removal of material from one position on the surface of the earth to another position.

Question 6

What is physical weathering?

Answer 6

The mechanical fragmentation of rocks and minerals.

Question 7

What is the strength of bonds between atoms dependent on?

Answer 7

Pressure and temperature

Question 8

What are the 3 agents of erosion?

Answer 8

Water/ice, wind, and gravity

Question 9

what are the 7 types of physical weathering?

Answer 9

frost action, abrasion, pressure release, hydraulic action, salt crystals (evaporation), insolation, slaking

Question 10

What is frost action?

Answer 10

water, or ice, expands as it gets colder (4°C -20°C)

Question 11

What is abrasion?

Answer 11

refers to the breaking and grinding away of solid rock by collisions with moving particles

Question 12

What is pressure release?

Answer 12

when rocks deep in earths crust move upwards, pressure decreases which allows them to expand causing fractures

Question 13

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 13

waves force water into cracks in rock, air is trapped and compressed, water recedes and compressed air is released explosively

Question 14

salt crystals

Answer 14

sea water enters into fractures, as water evaporates crystals form, when heated crystals can expand

Question 15

What is insolation weathering?

Answer 15

due to repeated heating and cooling of rocks

Question 16

Slaking?

Answer 16

The disintegration of rocks undergoing cycles of wetting and drying

Question 17

What are the 3 types of chemical weathering?

Answer 17

Hydrolysis, oxidation, dissolution

Question 18

Is mass wasting erosion or weathering?

Answer 18

erosion

Question 19

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 19

splitting up with water (the elements of water are added to the resulting molecular fragment)

Question 20

What is oxidation?

Answer 20

Oxygen steals an electron

Question 21

What is dissolution?

Answer 21

When exposed to water, ions stick to water and are dissolved

Question 22

Biological weathering can be either or both chemical and physical

Answer 22

true

Question 23

How are chemical and biological sediments formed?

Answer 23

from materials dissolved in water