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Geology > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What element is most susceptible to oxidation?

A

Iron

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of weathering?

A

Physical, chemical, and biological.

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3
Q

Which minerals are best at surviving weathering?

A

Minerals formed at lower temperatures. (they are hard and no strong cleavage planes)

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4
Q

What is weathering?

A

A process that changes the surface material of the earth.

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5
Q

What is erosion?

A

The removal of material from one position on the surface of the earth to another position.

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6
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

The mechanical fragmentation of rocks and minerals.

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7
Q

What is the strength of bonds between atoms dependent on?

A

Pressure and temperature

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8
Q

What are the 3 agents of erosion?

A

Water/ice, wind, and gravity

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9
Q

what are the 7 types of physical weathering?

A

frost action, abrasion, pressure release, hydraulic action, salt crystals (evaporation), insolation, slaking

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10
Q

What is frost action?

A

water, or ice, expands as it gets colder (4°C -20°C)

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11
Q

What is abrasion?

A

refers to the breaking and grinding away of solid rock by collisions with moving particles

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12
Q

What is pressure release?

A

when rocks deep in earths crust move upwards, pressure decreases which allows them to expand causing fractures

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13
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

waves force water into cracks in rock, air is trapped and compressed, water recedes and compressed air is released explosively

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14
Q

what is salt crystal weathering?

A

sea water enters into fractures, as water evaporates crystals form, when heated crystals can expand

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15
Q

What is insolation weathering?

A

due to repeated heating and cooling of rocks

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16
Q

Slaking?

A

The disintegration of rocks undergoing cycles of wetting and drying

17
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical weathering?

A

Hydrolysis, oxidation, dissolution

18
Q

Is mass wasting erosion or weathering?

A

erosion

19
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

splitting up with water (the elements of water are added to the resulting molecular fragment)

20
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxygen steals an electron

21
Q

What is dissolution?

A

When exposed to water, ions stick to water and are dissolved

22
Q

Biological weathering can be either or both chemical and physical

A

true

23
Q

How are chemical sediments formed?

A

from materials dissolved in water

24
Q

What are reduction spots caused by.

A

Oxidation

Geology (16 decks)

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