Lecture 3 Flashcards
How does the mantle melt?
Partial melting due to temperature and pressure changes.
What is the most abundant element in the mantle?
Oxygen
What is Bowens Reaction Series?
The order that silicate minerals crystallize.
What does plutonic cooling mean?
Intrusive, rocks cool slowly (large crystals).
What does volcanic cooling mean?
Extrusive, Rocks cool quickly (small crystals)
What are the two divisions of igneous rocks based on mineral composition?
Felsic (feldspar and silica) and Mafic (magnesium and iron).
What are the 4 components of magma differentiation?
Crystallization, assimilation, migration, mixing
Two igneous rock groups based on mineral composition?
Mafic and Felsic
What are felsic rocks mainly of?
fe (feldspar) + sil (silica)
What are mafic rocks mainly composed of?
ma (magnesium) + fic (latin for iron)
What are 3 ways the mantle melts?
Decompression melting, flux melting, heat induced melting.
What are the 7 most common rock forming groups?
Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite
What does the melting of the mantle produce?
Magma!
What are the 4 types of magma differentiation?
Mixing, migration, assimilation, crystallization
What are the 7 major mineral classes?
Silicate, sulfates, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, and native elements
