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Geology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define mineral

A

Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid, with a definite, bit sometimes variable, chemical composition.

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2
Q

Can the chemical composition of a mineral vary?

A

Yes, within a restricted range.

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3
Q

What is the smallest component of nature within the properties of a given substance?

A

Atom

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of bonds?

A

Ionic, covalent, metallic

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5
Q

What does atomic structure determine?

A

What element it is, the type of ion, and what bonds can form.

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6
Q

Define an element.

A

A substance made entirely from one type of atom.

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7
Q

How many elements are there?

A

118

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8
Q

What charge is needed to crystallize?

A

Neutral charge.

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9
Q

What are 7 mineral properties?

A

Hardness, cleavage, lustre, streak, density, crystal form and habit, colour.

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10
Q

What is the mineral property cleavage?

A

The ability of a mineral to break in a reproducible way leaving a flat smooth surface.

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11
Q

What is fracture?

A

Uneven breakage.

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12
Q

What is hardness?

A

How easily a mineral can be scratched.

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13
Q

What is the mineral property lustre due to?

A

The interaction between light waves and the electrons in the crystal structure.

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14
Q

What is the mineral property colour a result of?

A

Result of wavelengths that are absorbed or reflected due to crystal structure.

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15
Q

Streak?

A

Colour of powdered mineral on porcelain plate.

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16
Q

What is Crystal form due to?

A

Due to atomic structure.

17
Q

Density?

A

due to number of protons and nuetrons.

18
Q

What are the 7 major mineral classes?

A

Silicates, native elements, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates.

19
Q

What determines the atomic number of an element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus.

20
Q

What determines the mass number of an element?

A

The number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus.

21
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with a differing number of neutrons but similar number of protons.

22
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electron.

23
Q

A large number of different minerals can be formed based upon…?

A

The 6 most abundant metallic ions, different silicate structures, single and double substitution.

Geology (16 decks)

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