Lecture 14 Flashcards
When did geology begin
Stone age
What are stenos principles
Superposition, original horizontality, lateral continuity, cross cutting relationships.
What is Catastrophism
The idea that the earth was created and reached its current state through a series of natural catastrophic events
What are the two divisions of catastrophism?
Neptunism and Plutonism
What is neptunism
The idea that all rocks formed from precipitation in a worldwide ocean.
What is plutonism
The idea that fire was responsible for the formation of igneous rocks.
Who is considered the father of geology
James Hutton
What is uniformitarianism
The idea that the earth processes active today were also active in the past
What did William Smith do?
He produced a map of England using the principles of fossil succesion
What is fossil succession?
The idea that sedimentary rocks of similar age hold fossils of similar types.
Who made the map that changed the world?
William Smith
What concept is now widely accepted for how the earths rocks formed.
Actualism
What are the two types of geologic time?
Relative time and absolute time (lunch time vs 1:00pm).
What is relative time?
The chronological ordering of events.
What are the 7 principles of relative time?
Superposition, original horizontality, lateral continuity, cross cutting-relationships, faunal succession, inclusions, and unconformities.
