Lecture 6 Flashcards
Broca’s area
Non fluent speech (speech if slow and broken)–> broken words, hard time with speech production (broken, not fluid) BUT they can understand fine
Motor issues
Frontal lobe
Bad Mother Fucker
(broca, motor, frontal)
Wernicke’s Area
Fluent (speech is normal and excessive but makes NO sense)
Sensory
Temporal lobe
Broca and Wernicke’s on a map
Broca in front of motor area, wernickes after motor, near auditory corte
Receptive vs expressive aphasia
Receptive: Wernicke’s (they can speak fine, but doesn’t make sense)
Expressive: Brocas (can express language, can’t understand)
Definition of learning
acquisition of new information
Refers to the process by which experiences change our nervous system and our behavior
Stages of learning
Stage 1: Echoic memory, sensory information
- information first processed through our senses
- < 1 second
Stage 2: short term memory, meaningful and salient information
- < 1 minute
- Can support via repitition or chunking (7 +/- 2 rule – you can remember 7 things plus or minus 2)
Stage 3: Long term memory
- consolidation: short term memories are converted into long term memories
- Can be retrieved across a lifetime
- increases retrieval (ie rehearsal) = strengthening of memory
- involves hippocampus
Observational learning
AKA Social learning theory
Process of learning by watching the behaviors of Models –> ex. daughter watches mom put on lipstick, she puts on lipstick. How mom reacts (positively or negatively) will influence if daughter does that again
Occurs via operant coniditoning and vicarious conidtioning
–> vicarious: watching sister get in trouble, won’t do what she did
Modes: either prosocial models (prompts engagement in helpful and healthy ways) OR antisocial modeling (prompts others to engage in aggressive/unhealthy bx)
Observational learning: more likely to mimic models who…
positive perception (well liked, high status)
shared traits
stand out (mimic someone who stands out because they are creative, different, etc.)
Familiarity (want to be like someone who doesn’t stand out, going back to individuals they know, ex. abuse cycle)
Self-efficacy and mimicry: going to mimic things you can do (things that are in reach)
Observational learning: social media and videogames
Social media: branding psychology, trying to create the things above that you are more likely to mimic. The power of influencers; they have high status, they highlight their shared traits (just like you), etc.
Violence in videogames: people watch violent images, so you retain them and then produce them
Three main brain arteries
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery
Middle Cerebral Artery Strokes (MCA) are _____ of strokes
90%
Middle Cerebral Artery Strokes (MCA)
Largest of the brain arteries
Supplies most of the outer surface of the frontal, parietal, temporal lobes and the basal ganglia.
* Including pre-central (sensory) and postcentral
(motor) gyrus
MCA Stroke Symptoms
Contralateral weaknesses and sensory loss in upper extremities
–> remember: left effects right
Loss of visual field
Left MCA stroke: speech deficits
- brocas
- wernickes
Right MCA stroke: neglect and poor movitation
- flat prosody
- ex. neglect of left side, won’t notice if left art stuck in door
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke – general
Less common (left ACA more common than R ACA)
Feeds deep structures in brain, frontal, parietal, corupus callosum, and bottom of cerebrum
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke – symptoms
Contralateral motry and sensory loss in lower extremeties
poor gait and coordination (clumsy)
slowed initiation (abulia) –> takes longer to do things
flat affect
urinary incontinence
If you suspect a stroke, BE FAST
KNOW
