Lecture 1 Flashcards
Brain uses how much oxygen
20% of total resting oxygen
Energy divisions in the brain
–Approx. 25% = maintaining neurons and glial cells
–Approx. 75% = electrical signaling across the brain’s circuits.
Brain uses how much total blood flow
15-20% of total blood flow goes to the brain
Brain uses how much glucose metabolism
60% of glucose metabolism
Apoptosis
Apoptosis = planned and purposeful neuronal cell death, removal of damages or unneeded neurons
ex. stop sending cells to umbilical chord when no longer need it
Different than Necrosis (unplanned and uncontrolled)
Synaptic pruning
Synaptic Pruning = a natural process that occurs in the brain between early childhood and adulthood. During synaptic pruning, the brain eliminates extra synapses. –> this helps your brain be more EFFICIENT
Ex. use it or loose it, why can’t learn morphemes after certain age
Parts of a neuron
Synaptic pruning and apoptosis in development
Difficulties with synaptic pruning
Too much or too little pruning is bad!
too few synapses correlated with schzio. (too much synaptic pruning)
Too many synapses correlated with ASD (not enough synaptic pruning)
Difference in Apotosis and Synaptic Pruning
Apotosis: CELL DEATH
Synaptic Pruning: ELIMINATES SYNAPSES
Forebrain lobe functions: Frontal lobe
FRONTAL LOBE: executive fxns (emo regulation, planning, reasoning, inhibitory control etc.), personality
- Dominant hemisphere = social conduct
- Phineas Gage
Forebrain lobe functions: Prefrontal cortex
Seat of planning and strategizing
Ventromedial PFC – empathy & guilt (morality)
Parietal lobe
integrating sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain.
Temporal Lobe
processing sensory information, particularly important for hearing, recognizing language, and forming memories.
- Contains the primary auditory cortex
Occipital Lobe
Visual processing (depth, distance, location)
Contains the primary visual cortex
