Lecture 6

Question 1

Recalcitrant

Answer 1

Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority

Question 2

How many tons of paper are used each year

Answer 2

71 million tons

Question 3

How many newspapers are published each year

Answer 3

24 billion

Question 4

How many books are published each year

Answer 4

2 billion

Question 5

__% of the paper used is from recycled material

Answer 5

33%

Question 6

__% of paper comes from wood and other plant material

Answer 6

66%

Question 7

Pulping

Answer 7

Material must be treated to remove lignin and recover cellulose fiber

Question 8

Methods used to remove lignin

Answer 8

Chemical/mechanical

Question 9

Lignin extraction name

Answer 9

Kraft pulping

Question 10

When did kraft pulping start

Answer 10

1880s

Question 11

Kraft pulping treatment

Answer 11

Sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfide treatment

Question 12

Kraft pulping recipe is caustic, sulfurous solution at ____ temperature and ___ pressure

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Result of kraft pulping

Answer 13

Lignin and hemicellulose removal from cellulose fibers

Question 14

Battle with lignin has been going on for __ years

Answer 14

150

Question 15

Organosolv

Answer 15

technique used in lignin removal for biofuel production

Question 16

What is used in organosolov

Answer 16

Organic solvent with some acid and high temperatures

Question 17

Result of organosolov

Answer 17

Relatively pure cellulose for biofuel production

Question 18

Trametes versicolor

Answer 18

Lignin degrading fungus

Question 19

What does Trametes versicolor do to lignin

Answer 19

Depolymerizes it naturally

Question 20

Why treat lignin with Trametes versicolor

Answer 20

Lignin removal is much easier

Question 21

Is lignin removal necessary for all bioenergy processes

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Does lignin need to be removed if you want cellulose from lignocellulose

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Does lignin need to be removed if you want carbon or a combustible material

Answer 23

No

Question 24

____ is required in order to effectively access the energy potential of the substrate

Answer 24

Pretreatment of biomass

Question 25

Pretreatment strategies are normally ___ or ___ processes

Answer 25

Thermochemical or thermomechanical

Question 26

Natural approach to pretreatment of biomass

Answer 26

Exploit the natural ability of sap
rophytic fungi to access the energy rich components of
this difficult substrate