Lecture 6 Flashcards
Recalcitrant
Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority
How many tons of paper are used each year
71 million tons
How many newspapers are published each year
24 billion
How many books are published each year
2 billion
__% of the paper used is from recycled material
33%
__% of paper comes from wood and other plant material
66%
Pulping
Material must be treated to remove lignin and recover cellulose fiber
Methods used to remove lignin
Chemical/mechanical
Lignin extraction name
Kraft pulping
When did kraft pulping start
1880s
Kraft pulping treatment
Sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulfide treatment
Kraft pulping recipe is caustic, sulfurous solution at ____ temperature and ___ pressure
High
Result of kraft pulping
Lignin and hemicellulose removal from cellulose fibers
Battle with lignin has been going on for __ years
150
Organosolv
technique used in lignin removal for biofuel production
What is used in organosolov
Organic solvent with some acid and high temperatures
Result of organosolov
Relatively pure cellulose for biofuel production
Trametes versicolor
Lignin degrading fungus
What does Trametes versicolor do to lignin
Depolymerizes it naturally
Why treat lignin with Trametes versicolor
Lignin removal is much easier
Is lignin removal necessary for all bioenergy processes
No
Does lignin need to be removed if you want cellulose from lignocellulose
Yes
Does lignin need to be removed if you want carbon or a combustible material
No
____ is required in order to effectively access the energy potential of the substrate
Pretreatment of biomass
Pretreatment strategies are normally ___ or ___ processes
Thermochemical or thermomechanical
Natural approach to pretreatment of biomass
Exploit the natural ability of sap
rophytic fungi to access the energy rich components of
this difficult substrate
