Lecture 16

Question 1

Structure of a fatty acid

Answer 1

Carboxylic acid (COOH) with a hydrocarbon “tail”

Question 2

How long is the hydrocarbon tail in a fatty acid

Answer 2

Varies in length and in number of double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail

Question 3

If there are no double bonds, the fatty acid is ___

Answer 3

Saturated (full of hydrogen)

Question 4

If there are double bonds, the fatty acid is ___

Answer 4

Unsaturated (can still hold more hydrogen atoms)

Question 5

___ fatty acids tend to be unsaturated and kinked

Answer 5

Liquid

Question 6

Example of a liquid fatty acid

Answer 6

Oleic acid

Question 7

___ fatty acids tend to be saturated and linear

Answer 7

Solid

Question 8

Example of solid fatty acid

Answer 8

Animal fat

Question 9

Number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon can vary from ___ to __ or more

Answer 9

0 to 6

Question 10

Double bonds that lead to kinks in the chain

Answer 10

Cis

Question 11

Double bonds that keep the chain linear

Answer 11

Trans

Question 12

What do fatty acids tend to be linked to in nature

Answer 12

Glycerol (via ester bonds)

Question 13

What is the linked structure of fatty acids to glycerol called

Answer 13

Triglyceride

Question 14

What are triglycerides treated with to liberate individual fatty acids

Answer 14

Methoxide

Question 15

Transesterification

Answer 15

Glycerol is released, along with individual fatty acids that now have methyl groups attached

Question 16

FAMEs

Answer 16

Fatty acid methyl esters

Question 17

Proportion of fames depends on ___

Answer 17

Starting material

Question 18

How is the quality and makeup of fames determined

Answer 18

GC

Question 19

Biodiesel production step 1

Answer 19

Obtain feedstock

Question 20

Biodiesel production step 2

Answer 20

Mix with methoxide

Question 21

Biodiesel production step 3

Answer 21

Separate glycerol/glycerin from fames

Question 22

Biodiesel production step 4

Answer 22

Rinse the biodiesel with water to remove excess alcohol and hydroxides

Question 23

Biodiesel production step 5

Answer 23

Quality control

Question 24

___ gallons of biodiesel were produced in the US in 2017

Answer 24

1.6 billion

Question 25

States with the most biodiesel production

Answer 25

Iowa, texas, missouri, and illinois

Question 26

How many biodiesel production facilities in the US as of 2018

Answer 26

101

Question 27

What happens to biodiesel at low temperatures

Answer 27

Solidifies

Question 28

What prevents thickness of biodiesel at low temperatures

Answer 28

Additives like Wintron XC40

Question 29

Major by-product or co-product of biodiesel

Answer 29

Glycerol (used to make soap)