Lecture 16 Flashcards
Structure of a fatty acid
Carboxylic acid (COOH) with a hydrocarbon “tail”
How long is the hydrocarbon tail in a fatty acid
Varies in length and in number of double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail
If there are no double bonds, the fatty acid is ___
Saturated (full of hydrogen)
If there are double bonds, the fatty acid is ___
Unsaturated (can still hold more hydrogen atoms)
___ fatty acids tend to be unsaturated and kinked
Liquid
Example of a liquid fatty acid
Oleic acid
___ fatty acids tend to be saturated and linear
Solid
Example of solid fatty acid
Animal fat
Number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon can vary from ___ to __ or more
0 to 6
Double bonds that lead to kinks in the chain
Cis
Double bonds that keep the chain linear
Trans
What do fatty acids tend to be linked to in nature
Glycerol (via ester bonds)
What is the linked structure of fatty acids to glycerol called
Triglyceride
What are triglycerides treated with to liberate individual fatty acids
Methoxide
Transesterification
Glycerol is released, along with individual fatty acids that now have methyl groups attached
FAMEs
Fatty acid methyl esters
Proportion of fames depends on ___
Starting material
How is the quality and makeup of fames determined
GC
Biodiesel production step 1
Obtain feedstock
Biodiesel production step 2
Mix with methoxide
Biodiesel production step 3
Separate glycerol/glycerin from fames
Biodiesel production step 4
Rinse the biodiesel with water to remove excess alcohol and hydroxides
Biodiesel production step 5
Quality control
___ gallons of biodiesel were produced in the US in 2017
1.6 billion
States with the most biodiesel production
Iowa, texas, missouri, and illinois
How many biodiesel production facilities in the US as of 2018
101
What happens to biodiesel at low temperatures
Solidifies
What prevents thickness of biodiesel at low temperatures
Additives like Wintron XC40
Major by-product or co-product of biodiesel
Glycerol (used to make soap)
