Lecture 21

Question 1

How many generalized impact areas for the environment

Answer 1

Four

Question 2

Generalized impact areas for the environment

Answer 2

Biodiversity
Water
Soil
Air

Question 3

Environmental impact analysis

Answer 3

Bioenergy environmental impact analysis (BIAS)

Question 4

Biodiversity risk mitigation key issues

Answer 4

• Protection of natural habitats
• Sustainable cultivation of biomass
• Areas of preferential biomass production
• Sustainable use of organic residuals and waste

Question 5

Risk mitigation effects of protection of natural habitats

Answer 5

Avoidance direct negative effects on biodiversity in sensitive areas

Question 6

Risk mitigation effects of sustainable cultivation of biomass

Answer 6

Reduction of direct negative effects and promotion of positive once in cultivation area
BUT: risk of negative effects on natural habitats by indirect land use change

Question 7

Risk mitigation effects of areas for preferential biomass production

Answer 7

• Low direct negative effects and promotion of positive once
• Reducing the risk of negative effects of indirect land use change

Question 8

Risk mitigation effects of sustainable use of organic residuals and waste

Answer 8

• No or low direct negative effects
• Reducing the risk of negative effects from indirect land use change

Question 9

Bioenergy processes should have low risks for ___

Answer 9

Biodiversity

Question 10

What does BIAS recommend for biodiverse areas

Answer 10

Mapping and respecting

Question 11

Create ___ to enhance the promotion of biodiversity

Answer 11

Landscape elements

Question 12

What does BIAS recommend in terms of GMOs

Answer 12

Avoid use (no basis for this recommendation)

Question 13

Water use and risk management has to be done with both ___ and ___

Answer 13

Cultivation of plants and processing of the material

Question 14

Key factors for water use

Answer 14

Scarcity and contamination

Question 15

Water risk mitigation key issues

Answer 15

• Promotion of rainfed cropping system
• Fair and food management if irrigation is needed
• Mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy feedstock production
• Mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy conversion

Question 16

Risk mitigation effect for promotion of rainfed cropping system

Answer 16

• Safeguarding regional water balances
• Less irrigation needs and leaving more water for food crops and drinking water

Question 17

Risk mitigation effect for fair and good management if irrigation is needed

Answer 17

• Safeguarding regional water balances
• Less irrigation needs and leaving more water for food crops and drinking water

(same as for promotion of rainfed cropping system)

Question 18

Risk mitigation effect for mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy feedstock production

Answer 18

• Reduced risk of water contamination (leaching of nutrients and pesticides)
• Less waste water
• Safer drinking water

Question 19

Risk mitigation effect for mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy conversion

Answer 19

• Reduced risk of water contamination from waste water (waste water treatment location of plants)

Question 20

Top factors to consider for soil

Answer 20

• Erosion risk
• Carbon loss risk
• Compaction risk
• Salinization risk

Question 21

Risk mitigation for erosion

Answer 21

• Enhancing soil cover
• Mechanical soil protection
• Avoiding cultivation at unsuitable sites

Question 22

Risk mitigation for organic matter decline (carbon loss)

Answer 22

• Recycling of organic matter
• Reducing carbon mining
• Enhancing soil carbon

Question 23

Risk mitigation for compaction

Answer 23

• Using suitable machinery
• Considering weather while using machinery

Question 24

Risk mitigation for salinization

Answer 24

• Avoiding inapproproate irrigation/innappropriate use of water in rainfed agriculture
• Avoiding waste water in high salt of pollutant content
• Minimizing water application by use of efficient irrigation methods
• Guarantee sufficient drainage of irrigated soils