Lecture 21 Flashcards
How many generalized impact areas for the environment
Four
Generalized impact areas for the environment
Biodiversity
Water
Soil
Air
Environmental impact analysis
Bioenergy environmental impact analysis (BIAS)
Biodiversity risk mitigation key issues
- Protection of natural habitats
- Sustainable cultivation of biomass
- Areas of preferential biomass production
- Sustainable use of organic residuals and waste
Risk mitigation effects of protection of natural habitats
Avoidance direct negative effects on biodiversity in sensitive areas
Risk mitigation effects of sustainable cultivation of biomass
Reduction of direct negative effects and promotion of positive once in cultivation area
BUT: risk of negative effects on natural habitats by indirect land use change
Risk mitigation effects of areas for preferential biomass production
- Low direct negative effects and promotion of positive once
- Reducing the risk of negative effects of indirect land use change
Risk mitigation effects of sustainable use of organic residuals and waste
- No or low direct negative effects
- Reducing the risk of negative effects from indirect land use change
Bioenergy processes should have low risks for ___
Biodiversity
What does BIAS recommend for biodiverse areas
Mapping and respecting
Create ___ to enhance the promotion of biodiversity
Landscape elements
What does BIAS recommend in terms of GMOs
Avoid use (no basis for this recommendation)
Water use and risk management has to be done with both ___ and ___
Cultivation of plants and processing of the material
Key factors for water use
Scarcity and contamination
Water risk mitigation key issues
- Promotion of rainfed cropping system
- Fair and food management if irrigation is needed
- Mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy feedstock production
- Mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy conversion
Risk mitigation effect for promotion of rainfed cropping system
- Safeguarding regional water balances
- Less irrigation needs and leaving more water for food crops and drinking water
Risk mitigation effect for fair and good management if irrigation is needed
- Safeguarding regional water balances
- Less irrigation needs and leaving more water for food crops and drinking water
(same as for promotion of rainfed cropping system)
Risk mitigation effect for mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy feedstock production
- Reduced risk of water contamination (leaching of nutrients and pesticides)
- Less waste water
- Safer drinking water
Risk mitigation effect for mitigation of water pollution from bioenergy conversion
- Reduced risk of water contamination from waste water (waste water treatment location of plants)
Top factors to consider for soil
- Erosion risk
- Carbon loss risk
- Compaction risk
- Salinization risk
Risk mitigation for erosion
- Enhancing soil cover
- Mechanical soil protection
- Avoiding cultivation at unsuitable sites
Risk mitigation for organic matter decline (carbon loss)
- Recycling of organic matter
- Reducing carbon mining
- Enhancing soil carbon
Risk mitigation for compaction
- Using suitable machinery
- Considering weather while using machinery
Risk mitigation for salinization
- Avoiding inapproproate irrigation/innappropriate use of water in rainfed agriculture
- Avoiding waste water in high salt of pollutant content
- Minimizing water application by use of efficient irrigation methods
- Guarantee sufficient drainage of irrigated soils
