Lecture 1

Question 1

Birthplace of the industrial revolution

Answer 1

UK

Question 2

What was the industrial revolution powered by

Answer 2

fossil fuels

Question 3

What fossil fuel powered the industrial revolution

Answer 3

Coal

Question 4

Where was coal first discovered in the US

Answer 4

West Virginia

Question 5

How much of the US’s electricity does coal generate

Answer 5

Most (more than 40%)

Question 6

During what period did pangea exist

Answer 6

Carboniferous period

Question 7

Condition of the earth during the carboniferous period

Answer 7

Swampy

Question 8

Oxygen level during the carboniferous period

Answer 8

Relatively high (over 30%)

Question 9

Dominant creatures during the carboniferous period

Answer 9

Amphibians and insects

Question 10

Why were amphibians and insects dominant during the carboniferous period

Answer 10

High oxygen levels

Question 11

Fuel from the carboniferous period comes from ____

Answer 11

Fossilized remains of plants

Question 12

Why was the carboniferous period the primary source of fossil fuels

Answer 12

Lignin-degrading fungi did not evolve until the end of the carboniferous period (no organism to break down lignin and other plant matter - therefore, it is more prone to be fossilized)

Question 13

___ is a major pool of organic carbon that is highly resistant to decay

Answer 13

Wood

Question 14

Why is wood highly resistant to decay

Answer 14

Presence of lignin

Question 15

The only organisms capable of substantial lignin decay are ___

Answer 15

White rot fungi in the Agaricomyectes

Question 16

What does white rot fungi in the Agarixomyectes contain

Answer 16

non-lignin-degrading brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species

Question 17

The origin in lignin degradation might have coincided with the sharp decrease in ____ around the end of the carboniferous period

Answer 17

Organic carbon burial

Question 18

What era was the carboniferous period during

Answer 18

Late Paleozoic era

Question 19

How did the carboniferous period get its name

Answer 19

Large underground coal deposits that date to it

Question 20

Where are the majority of coal deposits found

Answer 20

Europe, North America, and Asia that were lush, tropically located regions during the carboniferous period

Question 21

Two parts of the carboniferous period

Answer 21

Mississipian and Pennsylvanian

Question 22

Other names for the Mississippian period

Answer 22

Euramerica or Laurussia

Question 23

What types of plants was carboniferous coal produced by

Answer 23

Bark-bearing trees that grew in vast lowland swamp forests

Question 24

Why was there a surplus of oxygen during the carboniferous period?

Answer 24

Forests removed large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Question 25

Atmospheric oxygen level in the carboniferous period

Answer 25

35%

Question 26

Atmospheric oxygen level today

Answer 26

21%

Question 27

The size of insects and similar creatures is thought to be limited by ____

Answer 27

The amount of air they are able to breathe

Question 28

Theories as to why insects fly

Answer 28

Regulate temperature, to attract mates, to glide between trees

Question 29

Why did some amphibians develop a thicker skin

Answer 29

They will not dry out if they are away from water for too long

Question 30

When did Africa collide with eastern North America

Answer 30

Late Pennsylvanian

Question 31

What did the collision of Africa with eastern North America cause

Answer 31

Formation of the Appalacian Mountains

Question 32

By the end of the Carboniferous, the Earth's landmasses were moving towards _____

Answer 32

A single, global supercontinent called Pangea

Question 33

When was the industrial revolution

Answer 33

18th century

Question 34

When was the second period of industrialization

Answer 34

late 19th to early 20th century

Question 35

Thomas Newcomen

Answer 35

Designed the steam engine

Question 36

James Watt and Matthew Boulton

Answer 36

Invented a steam engine with a rotary motion

Question 37

How did the steam engine help miners

Answer 37

Allowed them to go deeper and extract more coal

Question 38

Why did the need for coal skyrocket during the industrial revolution

Answer 38

Needed to run the factories that produce goods, as well as the railroads and steamboats that transport them

Question 39

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

Answer 39

Samuel Slater