Lecture 6

Question 1

NAme the important lower limb arteries:

Answer 1

• common iliac artery
• external iliac artery
• femoral artery
• popliteal artery ( runs behind knee)
• Posterior tibial artery
• plantar arch

Question 2

Name the important lower limb veins:

Answer 2

• common iliac vein
• external iliac vein
• femoral vein
• popliteal vein
• posterior tibial vein
• great saphenous vein
• plantar venous arch

Question 3

Name the layers of the blood vessels:

Answer 3

• tunica intima
• tunica media
• tunica Adventitia

Question 4

What are the layers of the tunica intima:

Answer 4

• endothelium
• sub- endothelium
• internal elastic lamina

Question 5

What is the Tunica media made of:

Answer 5

• smooth muscle ( non striated involuntary)

- a variable context of connective tissue fibres ( elastin and collagen)

Question 6

WHat is the thickness of the tunica media proportional to?

Answer 6

Vessel diameter and blood pressure

Question 7

What is tunica adventitia composed of?

Answer 7

Loose FCT with a high content of collagen of elastin

- vasa vasorum ( in larger vessels)

Question 8

What is vasa vasorum?

Answer 8

Vessels of the vessel

Question 9

What is the function of an arteriole:

Answer 9

To determine blood pressure due to resistance of the vessel

Question 10

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 10

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

Question 11

What is the function of venues?

Answer 11

The start of the collecting (drainage) system. Has monocuspid valves to maintain direction of flow

Question 12

What are veins?

Answer 12

Low pressure, large volume transport system of blood back to heart

Question 13

Describe the structure of veins:

Answer 13

Irregular, flattened shape with a large lumen and thin wall. Capacitance vessels

Question 14

Name the three layers of the vein wall?

Answer 14

• intima
• media
• adventitia ( thickest layer of vein)

Question 15

What is the difference in tunica media between arteries and veins?

Answer 15

Arteries have thicker tunica media as higher pressure

Question 16

What is the thickest layer of a vein?

Answer 16

Adventitia

Question 17

Describe the structure of capillaries?

Answer 17

• very thin walls
• large total CSA of capillary bed
• endelthelial cells wrapped around to form a tube

Question 18

What is the blood flow rate of capillaries compared to arterioles?

Answer 18

Much slower

Question 19

What is the structure of a continuous capillary?

Answer 19

• 8-10 micrometer diameter lumen

- basement membrane ( ECM layer to connect to other tissue)

Question 20

What is the vascular shunt?

Answer 20

Way to run blood directly from artery to vein without including exchange surfaces

Question 21

What are precapillary sphincters made of?

Answer 21

Smooth muscle cells

Question 22

What is the function of precapillary sphincters?

Answer 22

Contraction of these muscles stops RBCs from entering capillary.

Question 23

Describe the structure of a fenestrated capillary?

Answer 23

• 8-10 micrometer diameter
• basement membrane
• fenestrations ( physical tubular structures ( tunnels) for exchange)

Question 24

Describe the structure of a sinusoidal capillary:

Answer 24

• 30-40 micrometer diameter
• intercellular gaps ( large fenestrations)
• incomplete basement membrane
• holes allow direct exchange ( plasma exchange prioritised)

Question 25

What is the function of the lymph vascular system?

Answer 25

• Drains excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns to blood
• filters foreign material from lymph
• screens lymph for foreign antigens and coordinates immune response
• absorbs fat from intestine and transports to blood

Question 26

Describe the lymphatic system structure:

Answer 26

• lymphatic vessels commence as large, blind ending capillaries
• special group of lymphatic vessels called lacteals drain fat laden lymph is to collecting vessel cisterns chyli (milk jug)
• larger ( thin wall) collecting vessels have numerous valves to prevent back flow

Question 27

Describe the lymphatic drainage path of the breast tissue:

Answer 27

• lymphatic vessels of the breast drain into the auxiliary lymph nodes
• on right side drains into right lymphatic duct and right subclavian vein
• can carry cancer cells into the blood vascular system