Lecture 6 Flashcards
NAme the important lower limb arteries:
- common iliac artery
- external iliac artery
- femoral artery
- popliteal artery ( runs behind knee)
- Posterior tibial artery
- plantar arch
Name the important lower limb veins:
- common iliac vein
- external iliac vein
- femoral vein
- popliteal vein
- posterior tibial vein
- great saphenous vein
- plantar venous arch
Name the layers of the blood vessels:
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica Adventitia
What are the layers of the tunica intima:
- endothelium
- sub- endothelium
- internal elastic lamina
What is the Tunica media made of:
- smooth muscle ( non striated involuntary)
- a variable context of connective tissue fibres ( elastin and collagen)
WHat is the thickness of the tunica media proportional to?
Vessel diameter and blood pressure
What is tunica adventitia composed of?
Loose FCT with a high content of collagen of elastin
- vasa vasorum ( in larger vessels)
What is vasa vasorum?
Vessels of the vessel
What is the function of an arteriole:
To determine blood pressure due to resistance of the vessel
What is the function of capillaries?
Site of exchange between blood and tissues
What is the function of venues?
The start of the collecting (drainage) system. Has monocuspid valves to maintain direction of flow
What are veins?
Low pressure, large volume transport system of blood back to heart
Describe the structure of veins:
Irregular, flattened shape with a large lumen and thin wall. Capacitance vessels
Name the three layers of the vein wall?
- intima
- media
- adventitia ( thickest layer of vein)
What is the difference in tunica media between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker tunica media as higher pressure
What is the thickest layer of a vein?
Adventitia
Describe the structure of capillaries?
- very thin walls
- large total CSA of capillary bed
- endelthelial cells wrapped around to form a tube
What is the blood flow rate of capillaries compared to arterioles?
Much slower
What is the structure of a continuous capillary?
- 8-10 micrometer diameter lumen
- basement membrane ( ECM layer to connect to other tissue)
What is the vascular shunt?
Way to run blood directly from artery to vein without including exchange surfaces
What are precapillary sphincters made of?
Smooth muscle cells
What is the function of precapillary sphincters?
Contraction of these muscles stops RBCs from entering capillary.
Describe the structure of a fenestrated capillary?
- 8-10 micrometer diameter
- basement membrane
- fenestrations ( physical tubular structures ( tunnels) for exchange)
Describe the structure of a sinusoidal capillary:
- 30-40 micrometer diameter
- intercellular gaps ( large fenestrations)
- incomplete basement membrane
- holes allow direct exchange ( plasma exchange prioritised)
What is the function of the lymph vascular system?
- Drains excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns to blood
- filters foreign material from lymph
- screens lymph for foreign antigens and coordinates immune response
- absorbs fat from intestine and transports to blood
Describe the lymphatic system structure:
- lymphatic vessels commence as large, blind ending capillaries
- special group of lymphatic vessels called lacteals drain fat laden lymph is to collecting vessel cisterns chyli (milk jug)
- larger ( thin wall) collecting vessels have numerous valves to prevent back flow
Describe the lymphatic drainage path of the breast tissue:
- lymphatic vessels of the breast drain into the auxiliary lymph nodes
- on right side drains into right lymphatic duct and right subclavian vein
- can carry cancer cells into the blood vascular system
