Lecture 13 Flashcards
What are the three general functions of the blood?
- transport
- immune response
- coagulation
What does blood transport?
- 02, water, nutrients
- CO2, waste products
- ions associated with pH and homeostasis
- heat
- hormones
- immune cells and coagulation factors
What is coagulation of blood important for?
- preventing bleeding via platelets and coagulation factors in plasma
How much volume blood per kg is typical?
60-80ml per kg body mass
What percentage of blood volume is made up by plasma?
- 55% ( 46-63%)
Describe the components of plasma
- water ( 92%)
- plasma proteins ( 7%)
- other solutes ( 1%)
What percent of blood volume is made up by formed elements?
45% ( 37-54%)
What are the components of formed elements?
- platelets ( 0.1%)
- WBC ( <0.1%)
- RBC ( 99%)
What are platelets?
Cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding
What is the name for the formation of blood cells?
Hematopoiesis
What is hematopoiesis?
Formation of blood cells initiated in red bone marrow containing hemoblasts
What are the progenitors for all blood cells?
Hemocytoblasts
What stimulates progenitor cells to become proerthroblasts and then erythroblasts?
EPO (erythropoietin)
What happens as erythroblast stages develop into reticlocyte?
Nucleus is ejected
What is the proper name for RBCs
Erythrocyte
What is the pathway for stem cells to erythrocyte?
- progenitor - proerythroblast- erythroblast stages - reticlocyte- RBC
Wha is the shape of red blood cells?
Biconcave disc
What is the function of a bio concave disc shape for RBCs?
- allows a high SA/V ratio
- flexibility of movement through narrow capillaries
What fraction of weight of RBCs are made up by hemoglobin
1/3
What is hematocrit/ PCV
fraction of blood occupied by RBCs
What is the normal hemacrotit for men and women?
Men- 0.4-0.54
Women- 0.37-0.47
What is the clinical term for too little packed cell volume/ hemocratit
Anemic
What is the clinical term for too much packed cell volume/ hemocratit
Polycythermic
What is the name of the generation of red blood cells?
Erythropoiesis
What other material and hormone is required for the formation of RBCs ?
- iron
- testosterone
Why would athletes train at high altitudes?
- air has less available oxygen
- kidneys sense this and triggers increase in heart rate and breathing rate
- long term causes kidneys to release EPO an stimulate production of more RBC to carry more oxygen
