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HUBS192 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three general functions of the blood?

A
  • transport
  • immune response
  • coagulation
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2
Q

What does blood transport?

A
  • 02, water, nutrients
  • CO2, waste products
  • ions associated with pH and homeostasis
  • heat
  • hormones
  • immune cells and coagulation factors
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3
Q

What is coagulation of blood important for?

A
  • preventing bleeding via platelets and coagulation factors in plasma
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4
Q

How much volume blood per kg is typical?

A

60-80ml per kg body mass

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5
Q

What percentage of blood volume is made up by plasma?

A
  • 55% ( 46-63%)
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6
Q

Describe the components of plasma

A
  • water ( 92%)
  • plasma proteins ( 7%)
  • other solutes ( 1%)
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7
Q

What percent of blood volume is made up by formed elements?

A

45% ( 37-54%)

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8
Q

What are the components of formed elements?

A
  • platelets ( 0.1%)
  • WBC ( <0.1%)
  • RBC ( 99%)
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9
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding

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10
Q

What is the name for the formation of blood cells?

A

Hematopoiesis

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11
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Formation of blood cells initiated in red bone marrow containing hemoblasts

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12
Q

What are the progenitors for all blood cells?

A

Hemocytoblasts

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13
Q

What stimulates progenitor cells to become proerthroblasts and then erythroblasts?

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

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14
Q

What happens as erythroblast stages develop into reticlocyte?

A

Nucleus is ejected

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15
Q

What is the proper name for RBCs

A

Erythrocyte

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16
Q

What is the pathway for stem cells to erythrocyte?

A
  • progenitor - proerythroblast- erythroblast stages - reticlocyte- RBC
17
Q

Wha is the shape of red blood cells?

A

Biconcave disc

18
Q

What is the function of a bio concave disc shape for RBCs?

A
  • allows a high SA/V ratio

- flexibility of movement through narrow capillaries

19
Q

What fraction of weight of RBCs are made up by hemoglobin

A

1/3

20
Q

What is hematocrit/ PCV

A

fraction of blood occupied by RBCs

21
Q

What is the normal hemacrotit for men and women?

A

Men- 0.4-0.54

Women- 0.37-0.47

22
Q

What is the clinical term for too little packed cell volume/ hemocratit

A

Anemic

23
Q

What is the clinical term for too much packed cell volume/ hemocratit

A

Polycythermic

24
Q

What is the name of the generation of red blood cells?

A

Erythropoiesis

25
Q

What other material and hormone is required for the formation of RBCs ?

A
  • iron

- testosterone

26
Q

Why would athletes train at high altitudes?

A
  • air has less available oxygen
  • kidneys sense this and triggers increase in heart rate and breathing rate
  • long term causes kidneys to release EPO an stimulate production of more RBC to carry more oxygen

HUBS192 (14 decks)

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