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HUBS192 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common skin receptor?

A

Free nerve endings

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2
Q

What are sensory terminals on free nerve endings?

A

Small swellings at distal ends

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3
Q

What stimuli do free nerve ending mainly respond to?

A

Pain and temp

  • some also respond to itch ( histamine)
  • some wrap around hair follicles and act as light touch receptors and detect bending of hairs
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4
Q

What are tactile (Merkel) disks?

A

Free nerve endings located in the deepest layer of the epidermis associated with large disc shaped epidermal (Merkel) cells between which communication occurs via serotonin (5HT)

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5
Q

What skin receptors are abundant in fingertips

A

tactile (Merkel) disks

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6
Q

What size receptive fields do tactile (Merkel) disks?

A

Very small

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7
Q

Where are tactile corpuscles located?

A

IN the papillary layer of the der4mis especially in hairless thick skin

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8
Q

What are tactile corpuscles?

A

Spiralling/ branching unmyelinated sensory terminals surrounded by modified Schwann cells and then by a thin oval fibrous connective tissue capsule.

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9
Q

How are tactile corpuscles triggered?

A

Deformation of the capsule

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10
Q

What are tactile corpuscles sensitive to? (3)

A

Fine or discriminative touch
Shape and textural changes
Light pressure and low frequency vibration

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11
Q

Where are Lamellar corpuscles located?

A

Scattered deep in the dermis and hypodermis

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12
Q

What are lamellar corpuscles?

A

Single dendrites lying within concentric layers of collagen fibres and specialised fibroblasts. The layers are separated by gelatinous interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What are lamellar corpuscles sensitive to?

A

Deep pressure

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14
Q

Where are bulbous corpuscles located?

A

Dermis and subcutaneous tissue

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15
Q

What are bulbous corpuscles?

A

A network of nerve endings intertwined with a core of collagen fibres that are continuous with those of the surrounding dermis. A capsule surrounds the entire structure

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16
Q

What are bulbous corpuscles sensitive to?

A

Sustained deep pressure

Stretching or distortion of the skin

17
Q

Where are bulbous corpuscles found not in skin?

A

joint capsules to signal degree of joint rotation( proprioception)

18
Q

Where in the body is there a high density of bulbous corpuscles and why?

A
  • around fingernails

- monitoring slippage of objects across surface skin

19
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands triggered by?

A

Sympathetic nervous system- adrenaline

20
Q

What are the skin responses when body temp increases?

A
  • decreased SNS activation on skin blood vessels leads to vasodilation
  • increased SNS cholinergic activation of sweat glands leads to sweating
  • increased respiratory rate
  • behavioural changes ( seek shade, drink water)
21
Q

What are skin responses when body temp falls?

A
  • central thermoreceptors detect temp below set point and activates heat gain centre
  • increased generation of body heat by non shivering and shivering thermogenesis
  • increased constriction of blood vessels in dermis
  • countercurrent exchange
  • infants can use brown fat to produce heat- bypassing ATP
22
Q

What is shivering?

A

Involves increased tone of skeletal muscles. When tone rises above critical level, shivering begins due to oscillate contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles mediated by muscle spindles (stretch receptors)

23
Q

What is non shivering thermogenesis?

A

Increased sympathetic nerve activity and increased circulating adrenaline/noradrenaline from adrenal medulla. Increased cellular metabolism

24
Q

Name the three heat generation mechanisms?

A
  • shivering
  • non shivering thermogenesis
  • thyroxine
25
Q

What method is used to work out % of total body surface area involved in burns for fluid replacement?

A

Rule of 9s

26
Q

What are the potential complications of severe burns?

A
  • dehydration
  • infection/ sepsis
  • hypothermia

HUBS192 (14 decks)

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