Lecture 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Frontal Lobe
A
- Motor cortex
- motor control
- First cortex to develop
- Primary Motor Cortex
- M1
- Area 4
- Premotor Cortex
- Area 6
2
Q
Prefrontal Cortex
A
- Language
- Epoptic processing
- Executive functions
3
Q
Language
A
- Speech production:
- Areas 44, 45
- Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG)
- Reading, writing, phonological and semantic:
- Parietal lobe
- Speech comprehension:
- Wernicke’s Area Posterior Temporal
4
Q
Epoptic Processing
A
- Monitoring
- keeping information online
- Middle Frontal Gyrus (MFG)
5
Q
Executive Functions
A
- Temporal organization of goal-directed actions
- Attention
- Planning
- Organization
- Decision making
6
Q
Orbitofrontal Cortex
A
- Strongly connected to the Amygdala by the Uncinate fasciculus
- Reasoning and emotional processing
- impulse control
- regulate emotions
7
Q
Insula
A
- Within the Syilvian Fissure
- Somatic-visceral sensations
- tongue, lips, face
- Neuroimaging:
- Sensory-motor control
- Autonomic control (heartbeat, breathing, etc)
- Visceral sensations
- Introception:
- How the body feels
- Socio-emotional
- Olfactory and gustatory regions
- Sensory-motor control
- Cognitive:
- Attention
- Speech production
8
Q
Operculum
A
- Covers the Insula
- Frontal Operculum
- Temporal Operculum
- Parietal operculum
9
Q
Parietal Lobe
A
- Somatosensory cortex:
- Areas 3, 1 and 2
- Spatial functions
- Relation of objects in space
- Language:
- Reading and writing, semantics and phonological
- Dorsal stream (where?)
- Multisensory information
10
Q
Temporal Lobe
A
- Auditory Processing
- Primary Auditory Area
- BA 41, 42
- Secondary Auditory Area
- BA 22
- Primary Auditory Area
- Wernicke’s Area
- Speech comprehension
- Ventral stream of vision
- What?
-
Hippocampus
- memory
11
Q
Wernicke’s Area
A
- Posterior temproral
- Speech comprehension
12
Q
Limbic Cortex
A
- Behavioural and emotional response
- Survival
- Composed of:
- Cingulate cortex
- Parahippocampal gyrus
-
Hippocampus
- Production of hormones
- Regulations of hunger, thirst, mood, etc
-
Amygdala
- Emotions
-
Thalamus
- Connects to Cingulate cortex
-
Basal Ganglia
- Reward processing
- Habit formation
- learning
- movement
- Also involved in the actions of the limbic system
13
Q
Occipital Lobe
A
- Processing of visual information
- Primary visual area
- V1
- BA 17
- Secondary visual area
- V2
- BA 18
- Associative visual areas:
- V3, V4, V5
14
Q
Different Lessions
A
- Brain tumors
- Cerbrovascular Accidents (strokes)
- head Injuries (trauma)
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
- Disconnection Syndromes
- Epilepsy
15
Q
Brain Tumors
A
- Cancerous growth inside the brain
- Glioma
-
Meningioma
- Cancerous growth between the brain and the skull
- Can:
- Affect or destroy neurons
- Destroy axons
- Push brain into/away from the skull
- Types of tumors:
- I, II, III, IV
16
Q
Glioma
A
- Tumor from the glia cells
- Most tumors
17
Q
Glia cells
A
- Tumor: Glioma
- Types:
- Microglia
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
18
Q
Meningioma
A
- Tumor from the meninges
- Grows between the skull and the brain
19
Q
Meninges
A
- The three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord.
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
20
Q
Which types of tumors are hard to study and why?
A
- Types III and IV
- They grow really fast
21
Q
Cerebrovascular Accidents
Strokes
A
- Interruption of blood supply in an area of the brain
- 2 ways:
- Ischemic stroke
- Hemorrhagic stroke
22
Q
Ischemic stroke
A
- Obstruction due to blood cloth
- in a brain area
- local
23
Q
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A
- Defect of membrane in blood vessel
- Causes aneurism
- Can burst:
- bleeding inside the brain