Intro to Brain Anatomy - Connections

Question 1

Review Deck 2

Name the parts pointed in this image

Answer 1

Question 2

Cortico-cortical Connections

Answer 2

• Connect one area of the cortex to another either:
  
  • within same hemisphere
  • between hemispheres

Question 3

Association Fibre Pathways

Answer 3

• Bi-directional
• Connections within the same hemisphere
• Contains:
  
  • Occipito-frontal Fasciculus
  • Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
  • Arcuate Fasciculus
  • Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus
  • Extreme Capsule
  • Temperal-frontal extreme capsule Fasciculus
  • Uncinate Fasciculus

Question 4

Occipito-frontal Fasciculus

Answer 4

• Connects the Frontal and Occipital Lobes

Question 5

Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus

Answer 5

Connects Frontal with Parietal lobes

Question 6

Arcuate Fasciculus

Answer 6

• Connects lateral PFC (prefrontal cortex) with lateral posterior temporal lobes
• Important for language
• Note:
  
  • AF really only connects very posterior superior temporal cortex with frontal lobe

Question 7

Inferior logitudinal fasciculus

Answer 7

Connects Temporal and Occipital Lobes

Question 8

Temporal-frontal Extreme Capsule Fasciculus

Answer 8

• Part of the Extreme Capsule
• Lateral mid-temporal with lateral frontal cortex

Question 9

Uncinate Fasciculus

Answer 9

Connects the orbitofrontal cortex and temporal lobes

Question 10

Extreme Capsule

Answer 10

• Connects the insula with other cortex
• Contains the Temporal-frontal extreme capsule fasciculus

Question 11

Fasciculus

Answer 11

Fasciculus means bundle

Question 12

What is really important about the arcuate fasciculus?

Answer 12

• Geschwind emphazised the importance of the arcuate fasciculus to connect Broca’s and Wernicke’s area in the language dominant domain

Question 13

Language Pathways

Answer 13

• Arcuate Fasciculus
• Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
  
  • Branches II and III
• Temporal-frontal extreme capsule fasciculus

Question 14

Subcortical Structures

Answer 14

• Thalamus
• Basal Ganglia
  
  • ​Amygdala
  • Striatum
    
    • Globus Pallidus
    • Putamen
    • Caudate Nucleus

The image here is an image of the Basal Ganglia and the Thalamus (behind the Basal Ganglia).

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

• Grand central station
• Consists of many nuclei that regulate different types of information

Question 16

Striatum

Answer 16

Consists of the Putamen, Caudate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus.

Does not include the amygdala

Question 17

Globus Pallidus

Answer 17

• Paleostriatum
• Pale globe

Question 18

Putamen and Caudate Nucleus

Answer 18

• Only one structure in rats

Question 19

Basal Ganglia

Answer 19

• Includes the striatum, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and other structures
• Important for motor learning and procedural memory

Question 20

Cortico-Subcortical Connections

Answer 20

• Also referred to as projection fibres
• External Capsule
• Internal Capsule

Look at Lecture 4 slide 14

Question 21

External Capsule

Answer 21

• Motor cortex primarly to Putamen
• uni-directional

Question 22

Internal Capsule

Answer 22

• Massive white matter highway connecting the subcortex to cortex
• bidirectional