LECTURE 5.2: KANT

Question 1

He was influential philosopher in the history of philosophy, perhaps next to Aristotle.

Answer 1

Immanuel Kant

Question 2

Where is Kant’s hometown, a place he never left despite his recognition in Philosophy?

Answer 2

Konigsberg, German

Question 3

What makes up Immanuel Kant’s synthesis?

Answer 3

1. Pure Reason (A Priori)
2. Pure Intuition of space and time (A Posteriori)

Question 4

It means “thing-in-itself/reality as it is”.

Answer 4

Noumena

Question 5

Kant’s Categories of Understanding

Answer 5

1. Quantity
2. Quality
3. Relation
4. Modality

Question 6

This consists of unity, plurality, totality.

Answer 6

Categories of Quantity

Question 7

This consists of reality, negation, and limitation.

Answer 7

Categories of Quality

Question 8

This consists of Inherence and Subsistence (subsistence and accident), Causality and Dependence (cause and effect), and Community (eg. reciprocity between agent and patient).

Answer 8

Categories of Relation

Question 9

This consists of Possibility - Impossibility, Existence - Non-existence, and Necessity - Contingency.

Answer 9

Categories of Modality

Question 10

He is a deontologist, who wrote ‘Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals’ and ‘A Critique of Pure Reason’.

Answer 10

Immanuel Kant

Question 11

“Nothing can possibly be conceived in this world or even out of it, which can be called good without qualification, except a ________.”

Answer 11

Goodwill

Question 12

“The ______ stands between it’s _______ principle which is formal and it’s _______ source which is material.”

Answer 12

will ; a priori ; a posteriori

Question 13

This is the necessity of an action done from the respect for the law.

Answer 13

Duty

Question 14

“…. to have moral worth, an action must be done from ______.”

Answer 14

duty

Question 15

“A _______ is the subjective principle of volition. The objective principle is the practical law, that I should follow such a law even if it thwarts all my ___________.”

Answer 15

maxim ; inclinations

Question 16

Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Answer 16

Universalizability Principle

Question 17

What are Kant’s Formulations of the Categorical Imperative?

Answer 17

1. Act only on that maxim (Intention) whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.
2. Act as if the maxim of your action were to become, by your will, a universal law of nature.
3. Always act so as to treat humanity, whether in yourself or in others, as an end-in-itself, never merely as a means.
4. Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a Kingdom of Ends [that is, an ideal community in which everyone is always moral].

Question 18

“Thus, the ____ ______ of an action does not lie in the effect which is expected from it.”

Answer 18

moral worth

Question 19

Act only on that ______ (Intention) whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a ______ ________.

Answer 19

maxim ; universal law

Question 20

Act as if the maxim of your action were to become, by your will, a ________ ___________ of ________.

Answer 20

universal law of nature

Question 21

Always act so as to treat ________, whether in yourself or in others, as an ________, never merely as a _______.

Answer 21

humanity ; end-in-itself ; means

Question 22

Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a _________ ____ ________ [that is, an ideal community in which everyone is always moral].

Answer 22

Kingdom of Ends