LECTURE 5.2: KANT Flashcards
He was influential philosopher in the history of philosophy, perhaps next to Aristotle.
Immanuel Kant
Where is Kant’s hometown, a place he never left despite his recognition in Philosophy?
Konigsberg, German
What makes up Immanuel Kant’s synthesis?
- Pure Reason (A Priori)
- Pure Intuition of space and time (A Posteriori)
It means “thing-in-itself/reality as it is”.
Noumena
Kant’s Categories of Understanding
- Quantity
- Quality
- Relation
- Modality
This consists of unity, plurality, totality.
Categories of Quantity
This consists of reality, negation, and limitation.
Categories of Quality
This consists of Inherence and Subsistence (subsistence and accident), Causality and Dependence (cause and effect), and Community (eg. reciprocity between agent and patient).
Categories of Relation
This consists of Possibility - Impossibility, Existence - Non-existence, and Necessity - Contingency.
Categories of Modality
He is a deontologist, who wrote ‘Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals’ and ‘A Critique of Pure Reason’.
Immanuel Kant
“Nothing can possibly be conceived in this world or even out of it, which can be called good without qualification, except a ________.”
Goodwill
“The ______ stands between it’s _______ principle which is formal and it’s _______ source which is material.”
will ; a priori ; a posteriori
This is the necessity of an action done from the respect for the law.
Duty
“…. to have moral worth, an action must be done from ______.”
duty
“A _______ is the subjective principle of volition. The objective principle is the practical law, that I should follow such a law even if it thwarts all my ___________.”
maxim ; inclinations
Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
Universalizability Principle
What are Kant’s Formulations of the Categorical Imperative?
- Act only on that maxim (Intention) whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.
- Act as if the maxim of your action were to become, by your will, a universal law of nature.
- Always act so as to treat humanity, whether in yourself or in others, as an end-in-itself, never merely as a means.
- Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a Kingdom of Ends [that is, an ideal community in which everyone is always moral].
“Thus, the ____ ______ of an action does not lie in the effect which is expected from it.”
moral worth
Act only on that ______ (Intention) whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a ______ ________.
maxim ; universal law
Act as if the maxim of your action were to become, by your will, a ________ ___________ of ________.
universal law of nature
Always act so as to treat ________, whether in yourself or in others, as an ________, never merely as a _______.
humanity ; end-in-itself ; means
Always act as if to bring about, and as a member of, a _________ ____ ________ [that is, an ideal community in which everyone is always moral].
Kingdom of Ends
