LECTURE 1: INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS:

Question 1

Mother Discipline

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

Meta-discipline, a second order inquiry

Answer 2

Philosophy

Question 3

Sophia

Answer 3

Wisdom

Question 3

Philo

Answer 3

Love

Question 4

Nature of things, what they are, how they come into being, no distinction between philosophy and religion

Answer 4

Phusis

Question 5

To abstract some unifying explanation about nature of reality and man’s prospect in it

Answer 5

Speculative Philosophy

Question 6

Man should have assumed the existence of coherent universe

Answer 6

Importance of Pre-Socratics

Question 7

The universe was animate and alive

Answer 7

Hylozoists

Question 8

Where did Philosophy start?

Answer 8

Miletus, Greek Ionia

Question 9

Timeline of Thales

Answer 9

640 - 550 BC

Question 10

Mathematician that brought geometry from Egypt

Answer 10

Thales

Question 11

Monopoly of the olive oil trade

Answer 11

Thales

Question 12

Magnetism is evidence of life

Answer 12

Thales

Question 13

Flat Earth Theory (when you reach the edge, you will fall)

Answer 13

Thales

Question 14

The fundamental substance is water, as it can change from solid, liquid, to gas.

Answer 14

Thales

Question 15

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PHILOSOPHIC PROBLEM: Isaiah Berlin

Answer 15

1. Very broad or general
2. No single methodology for answering these questions
3. Seems to have no practical utility

Question 16

According to which philosopher is this quote: “Philosophy is vision.”

Answer 16

Friedrich Waismann

Question 17

Core of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings that give coherent vitality to a people. It resides in the heart and minds of the people, in what they expect of each other and themselves, or dislike, value, and disdain

Answer 17

Ethos/ethnos

Question 18

Systematic questioning and critical examination of the underlying principles of morality

Answer 18

Ethics

Question 19

Study of values and their justification
i.e Morality of behaviors, social policies and institutions.

Answer 19

Ethics

Question 20

Study of moral good or badness, the rightness and wrongness of an act

Answer 20

Morality

Question 21

Seem to make absolute and universal claims while many ethical rules seem to be more optional and relative to a particular society.

Answer 21

Moral Principles

Question 22

___________ will constitute our morals.

Answer 22

Mores

Question 23

Giving reasons and making arguments to justify one’s moral conclusions.

Answer 23

Moral Reasoning

Question 24

Two points of view of analysis morality

Answer 24

Society and Individual as a Free Agent

Question 25

Systematic exposition of a particular view about what is the basis of good and right.

Answer 25

Ethical Theory

Question 26

Provides reasons and norms for judging

Answer 26

Ethical Theory

Question 27

Provides ethical principles or guidelines to embody certain values

Answer 27

Ethical Theory

Question 28

___________ are evaluative because they place a value in some action or practice.

Answer 28

Moral Judgments

Question 29

Two kinds of Moral Judgments

Answer 29

Normative Judgment and Descriptive Judgment

Question 30

Two types of Ethical Theory

Answer 30

Normative Ethics and Metaethics

Question 31

Deals with specific questions of right and wrong, good and evil

Answer 31

Normative Ethics

Question 32

Base their moral judgments on expected results

Answer 32

Teleological (Consequentialist)

Question 33

Nature of the act alone, regardless of the consequences; Duty-based ethics

Answer 33

Deontological (Non-consequentialist)

Question 34

Emphasis on the virtue or character or flourishing of an individual as part of his human nature

Answer 34

Virtue Ethics

Question 35

Deals with more abstract questions concerning the meaning and justification of ethical concepts and principles

Answer 35

Metaethics

Question 36

Three kinds of Normative Ethics

Answer 36

Teleological, Deontological, Virtue Ethics

Question 37

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY ETHICS?

Answer 37

1. Ethics are continually changing.
2. We have an ethically pluralist society - no single code of ethics but different values and rules.
3. Enables us to choose between alternative courses of action or opposing values
4. Enables us to reconsider our ethical priorities