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Term 3 test 2 > Lecture 51+52+DLA > Flashcards

Lecture 51+52+DLA Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Child Abuse (PCA)

A

Acts of violence by adults against children. Can include a range of acts, and types of injuries; allowance for reasonable corporal punishment by parents

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2
Q

Child Sexual Abuse

A

Contacts or interactions between a child
and an adult when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or another person

under 18
much older than the victim

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3
Q

Child Neglect

A

Failure to provide basic physical health care,

supervision, nutrition, personal hygiene, emotional nurturing, education, and safe housing.

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4
Q

psychological maltreatment

A

A repeated pattern of damaging interactions between parent(s) and child that becomes typical of the relationship

the pattern can be chronic and pervasive
occurs with potentiating factors (alcohol)

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5
Q

Intimate partner violence (IPV)

A

is abuse or aggression that occurs in a romantic relationship. “Intimate partner” refers to both current and former spouses and dating partners.

can be: 
verbal 
psychological 
sexual 
mild/severe physical 
battering
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6
Q

elder abuse

A

An Intentional aggressive or invasive behavior/action or threat of same, inflicted on an older adult and resulting in harmful effects for the older adult

  1. Physical
  2. Sexual
  3. Emotional/Psychological
  4. Financial
  5. Neglect
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7
Q

DIKW hierarchy model

A

data- raw; unorganized facts
information - processed organized data
knowledge - application of info
wisdom - evaluated understanding

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8
Q

information system vs information technology

A

IS: incorporates technology, people, and processes

IT: falls under the umbrella of IS
involves design, implementation, maintenance of the technology

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9
Q

biomedical informatic vs health informatic

A

Health informatics is applied research and
practice of clinical medicine and public health.

Biomedical informatics is the core scientific
discipline as it is applicable across basic human
biology and the broad spectrum of health

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10
Q

biomedical informatic vs bioinformatics

A

Bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, and information technology to further the knowledge of biological genomic and conduct research to discover cures

Biomedical informatics analyzes bioinformatic data sets to customize cures for patients and streamline care processes in healthcare facilities

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11
Q

types of transplants

auto, iso, allo, and xeno

A 
Autograft – grafts from
yourself
▪ Isograft – grafts from an
identical twin
▪ Allograft – grafts from
the human species
▪ Xenograft – grafts from
a different species
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12
Q

barriers to transplantation

A

supply and immune rejection

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13
Q

allograft rejection

A

first-set rejection
primary immune response
leukocytes take 3-7 days
full rejection by 10-14 days

second set rejection
due to immunologic memory
takes 3-4 days (start)
full rejection (5-6 days)

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14
Q

stages of the allograft rejection

A
  1. sensitization stage:
    Lymphocytes (T cells) of the recipient proliferate in response to antigens on the graft
  2. effector stage
    host immune system will attack the graft
    Th cells
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15
Q

direct vs indirect allorecognition

A

direct: T cells will recognize unprocessed allogenic MHC molecule on graft APC
indirect: the T cell will recognize the processed peptide of allogenic MHC molecule on host APC

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16
Q

hyperacute rejection

A

less than 24 hours
pre-existing ab

ex: xenotransplant

17
Q

acute rejection

A

will take 10-14 days are the transplant
T cells
cytokines

18
Q

chronic rejection

A

months or longer
humoral and cell mediated

humoral (lymphatic infiltration of graft)
cell-mediated (rejection vasculitis)

19
Q

Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)

A

Bone marrow transplant recipient (immunocompromised)

However, lymphocytes from donor (graft) attack allogenic antigens of recipient

Symptoms:
– Skin rxns, GI hemorrhage, liver failure, splenomegaly

Treatment:
– Cyclosporin A, methotrexate

20
Q

central vs peripheral tolerance

A

ways to protect individual from self-reacting lymphocytes

central - deleting T or B clones before maturity
if they have receptors that recognize self-antigens with
great affinity

peripheral - kills lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissue

21
Q

peripheral tolerance may be induced by?

A

may be induced by the Treg cells (unique group of CD4 T cells)

can be able to suppress immune system
can induce cell death

22
Q

causes of autoimmunity

A

tolerance can break down in the thymus or in the periphery

genetic due to HLA mutation

release of sequestered antigens due to tissue trauma

infections

inappropriate MHC expression (DM)

inappropriate CTLA-4 expression or mutation

23
Q

immune privileged sites and examples

A

Sites in the body where foreign antigens or tissue
grafts do not elicit immune responses

ex: brain (?), eye, testis, placenta

24
Q

CTLA-4

A

expressed on the Treg cells and by activated T cells

normally an inhibitory signal (CD80 and CD 86) (B7-1 and B7-2)

25
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

type II autoimmune

antibody directed against the Rh blood group

26
Q

Automimmune thrombocytopenia purpura

A

Type II autoimmune

antibody directed against platelets integrin or glycoprotein

27
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

type II

antibodies directed against type IV collagen (anti-basement membrane), which results in basement membrane disruption

kidney damage and pulmonary hemorrhage

28
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

systemic autoimmune
type III

typically middle aged women
fever weakness, arthritis, skin rash, kidney problems

Produce auto-Abs to DNA, histones, platelets, leukocytes, clotting factors

Excessive complement activation (C3 down)

29
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

chronic inflammation of the joints

Produce auto-Abs that bind Fc portion of IgG
circulating in blood that creates immune complexes

30
Q

type IV mechanism of autoimmune

A

T cell response

ex:
type I DM

31
Q

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

a combination of Type II cytotoxic and Type IV

middle aged women
target is thyroid antigens ( mainly TPO)
can get a goiter
hypothyroidism

32
Q

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

A

type IV

ab’s against the beta cells that produce insulin

33
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

type IV

numbness, paralysis, vision loss
inflammatory lesions in the myelin caused by T cells

Term 3 test 2 (11 decks)

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