Lecture 33+34+DLA

Question 1

respect for persons

Answer 1

Show fidelity to patient; show respect for

patient dignity and autonomy

Question 2

Beneficence

Answer 2

Act in patient interest

Question 3

Nonmaleficence

Answer 3

Avoid harm to patient

Question 4

Utility

Answer 4

Balance benefit & harm

Question 5

Justice

Answer 5

Be fair (distribution, procedures, respect, equity)

Question 6

duty based or deontological

Answer 6

Act in ways that fulfil your moral obligations

Question 7

outcome based or consequential

Answer 7

Act in ways that maximize outcomes

Question 8

virtue based

Answer 8

Act from virtuous character and intention

Question 9

Group 1 virus

Answer 9

can be enveloped or not have an envelope

double stranded DNA

replicate in the nucleus

Question 10

herpes virus replication cycle

Answer 10

group 1 virus

1. immediate early protein synthesis to take over cell
2. the target is the genome: DNA poly
3. late proteins are structural; form a capsid

Question 11

group II viruses

Answer 11

non-enveloped
can be - or + sense
single stranded DNA

replicate in the nucleus

Question 12

group III viruses

Answer 12

RNA genome

RNA dependent polymerase

Question 13

Group IV viruses

Answer 13

can be enveloped or non-enveloped
have + sense ssRNA
replication happens in the cyto

the + sense is converted into a - sense

Question 14

Group V viruses

Answer 14

are enveloped and contain - sense
can be segmented or non-segmented
ssRNA

have their own RNA dependent RNA poly

produce a + sense

Question 15

Group VI viruses

Answer 15

are enveloped and contain two identical (diploid) copies of (+ve) sense, ssRNA genome

replication occurs in the nucleus and they use reverse transcriptase

Question 16

Group VII viruses

Answer 16

enveloped, dsDNA viruses containing apartial ssDNA overhang

Question 17

Antigenic drift

Answer 17

evolution due to small changes in the genome

sequence within a define strain which usually occurs at a slower rate compared to antigenic shift

Question 18

Antigenic shift

Answer 18

resulting in exchange (reassortment) of RNA
segments between two different influenza viruses that
subsequently gives rise to a highly pathogenic

usually segmented viruses

Question 19

Phenotypic mixing or transcapsidation

Answer 19

a non-genetic interaction

interaction in which virus particles released from a cell that is infected with two different viruses have
components from both the infecting agents, but with a genome from one of them

Question 20

Pseudotypes

Answer 20

non -genetic interaction in which nucleocapsid of one virus acquires envelope from another type of virus.

Question 21

parts of justice

Answer 21

procedural justice = fairness of law

distributive justice = criteria of distribution (goods, harms)

social justice = improve conditions for those not so well off

Question 22

elements of respect for persons

Answer 22

fidelity = loyalty, keeping promises
autonomy = individual capacity of choice
veracity = truth telling
avoidance of killing = withholding and withdrawing treatment

Question 23

Patient centered care

Answer 23

1. attention to needs and individual
2. empathy
3. information
4. dignity

Question 24

positive rights

Answer 24

require actions!

ex:
truthful
justice (be fair)
acknowledge patient preferences

Question 25

negative rights

Answer 25

do not require actions

protect privacy
avoid killing
avoid harming

Question 26

the four limitations to patient autonomy

Answer 26

the harm principle
diminished capacity or autonomy
paternalism
public health protections

Question 27

Therapeutic privilege

Answer 27

Justifies withholding information when it poses a serious psychological threat

Competent patients have the right to refuse treatment

Question 28

utility

Answer 28

Utility = beneficence + nonmaleficence

Utility tells us to act to maximize the net benefits in light of their probabilities, severities of harm, value to the patient, and reasonable alternatives