Lecture 50- Urinary System Part 1 Flashcards
What is the main role of the kidneys?
Filter blood and produce urine
What is the main role of the ureters?
Transport urine to the reservoir
What is the main role of the urinary bladder?
Stores urine
What is the main role of the urethra?
Transports urine out of the body
- UreTHra THrows urine out of the body*
Is the right or left kidney lower and more lateral due to being crowded by the liver?
Right kidney
What leads to complications in the kidneys? Are there symptoms?
High BP/diabetes
No symptoms
What is the outer portion of the kidneys called?
Renal cortex
What portion is most of the kidney called?
Renal medulla
What does urine flow from to the ureter?
Papillae or renal pelvis
The ureters bring urine from the _____ to the ______
From the kidneys to the bladder
What are the three layers of the star shaped lumen in the ureters?
- Muscosa- layer of transitional epithelium
- Layer of smooth muscle
- Adventitia of connective tissue
What is a key characteristic of the bladder?
Highly distensible
Can store a lot of urine and strecth
How does the location of the bladder change from males to females?
Males- superior to the prostate gland
Females- inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina
How does the urethra length change in males and females?
Longer in males
Shorter in females
How does the urethra purpose change in males and females?
Males- transports urine AND semen
Females- ONLY excretes urine
What type of epithelium would you expect to find in the outer layer of the urethra?
Stratified squamous
What type of epithelium can be found near the bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What type of epithelium is the mucosa of the urethra mostly lined with?
Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
What is the composition of tissue in the mucosa?
Connective tissue
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
What are 5 ways that explain why women are more susceptible to UTIs?
- Short length of urethras
- Proximity to rectum
- Sexual activity
- Pregnancy
- Menopause
What is the goal of renal arteries?
Delivers blood containing oxygen and nutrients to structures within the kidney
Where does filtered blood return through? Where does it go and what does it use?
Renal veins return filtered blood to systemic circulation via the inferior vena cava
Flowchart of renal circulation in order
- Renal artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Glomerulus
- Efferent arteriole
- Peritubular capillaries
- Venule
- Renal vein
Does the renal vein or artery carry blood to/away the kidney?
Renal artery brings blood to the kidney while the renal vein takes blood away from the kidney
What part of the renal circulatory system filters blood?
Glomerulus
Which part of the RCS carries unfiltered blood?
Afferent arteriole
What does the renal cortex include?
Renal corpuscle (the head)= glomerulus
What type of epithelium does the proximal and distal convoluted tubules have? What is the function?
Cuboidal cells with microvilli/mitochondria
Increases surface area
What type of epithelium does the renal corpuscle have? What is the function?
Squamous cells
Protection
What type of epithelium does the nephron loop have? What is the function?
Squamous/low cuboidal cells
Protection, secretion, absorption
What part of the renal cavity are the cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons mostly found?
Cortex
Medulla
What structures are present in the nephron compared to the collecting system?
Nephron:
1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal/distal convoluted tubule
3. Nephron loop
Collecting System:
1. Collecting duct
2. Papillary duct
What is the role of the renal corpuscle?
Production of filtrate
What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule?
Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Variable reabsorption of water, Na+ ions, and Ca2+ ions
What is variable reabsorption?
The kidneys selectively reabsorb substances from the filtrate in the renal tubules, depending on the body’s needs at a given time
What is the role of the nephron loop?
Further reabsorption of WATER
Reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+ ions
What is the nephron loop made of?
Thin descending limb and thick ascending limb
What is the role of the collecting duct?
Variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or secretion of Na+, K+, H+, and bicarbonate ions
What is the urine formation order starting with the renal corpuscle?
- Renal corpuscle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Nephron loop
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
- Papillary duct
- Minor calyx
What is the role of the papillary duct?
Delivery of urine to minor calyx
What is the role of the minor calyx?
Urine storage and elimination
What are the three roles of the urine formation nephrons?
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
