Lecture 50- Urinary System Part 1

Question 1

What is the main role of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Filter blood and produce urine

Question 2

What is the main role of the ureters?

Answer 2

Transport urine to the reservoir

Question 3

What is the main role of the urinary bladder?

Answer 3

Stores urine

Question 4

What is the main role of the urethra?

Answer 4

Transports urine out of the body

• UreTHra THrows urine out of the body*

Question 5

Is the right or left kidney lower and more lateral due to being crowded by the liver?

Answer 5

Right kidney

Question 6

What leads to complications in the kidneys? Are there symptoms?

Answer 6

High BP/diabetes

No symptoms

Question 7

What is the outer portion of the kidneys called?

Answer 7

Renal cortex

Question 8

What portion is most of the kidney called?

Answer 8

Renal medulla

Question 9

What does urine flow from to the ureter?

Answer 9

Papillae or renal pelvis

Question 10

The ureters bring urine from the _____ to the ______

Answer 10

From the kidneys to the bladder

Question 11

What are the three layers of the star shaped lumen in the ureters?

Answer 11

1. Muscosa- layer of transitional epithelium
2. Layer of smooth muscle
3. Adventitia of connective tissue

Question 12

What is a key characteristic of the bladder?

Answer 12

Highly distensible

Can store a lot of urine and strecth

Question 13

How does the location of the bladder change from males to females?

Answer 13

Males- superior to the prostate gland

Females- inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina

Question 14

How does the urethra length change in males and females?

Answer 14

Longer in males

Shorter in females

Question 15

How does the urethra purpose change in males and females?

Answer 15

Males- transports urine AND semen

Females- ONLY excretes urine

Question 16

What type of epithelium would you expect to find in the outer layer of the urethra?

Answer 16

Stratified squamous

Question 17

What type of epithelium can be found near the bladder?

Answer 17

Transitional epithelium

Question 18

What type of epithelium is the mucosa of the urethra mostly lined with?

Answer 18

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

Question 19

What is the composition of tissue in the mucosa?

Answer 19

Connective tissue
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue

Question 20

What are 5 ways that explain why women are more susceptible to UTIs?

Answer 20

1. Short length of urethras
2. Proximity to rectum
3. Sexual activity
4. Pregnancy
5. Menopause

Question 21

What is the goal of renal arteries?

Answer 21

Delivers blood containing oxygen and nutrients to structures within the kidney

Question 22

Where does filtered blood return through? Where does it go and what does it use?

Answer 22

Renal veins return filtered blood to systemic circulation via the inferior vena cava

Question 23

Flowchart of renal circulation in order

Answer 23

1. Renal artery
2. Afferent arteriole
3. Glomerulus
4. Efferent arteriole
5. Peritubular capillaries
6. Venule
7. Renal vein

Question 24

Does the renal vein or artery carry blood to/away the kidney?

Answer 24

Renal artery brings blood to the kidney while the renal vein takes blood away from the kidney

Question 25

What part of the renal circulatory system filters blood?

Answer 25

Glomerulus

Question 26

Which part of the RCS carries unfiltered blood?

Answer 26

Afferent arteriole

Question 27

What does the renal cortex include?

Answer 27

Renal corpuscle (the head)= glomerulus

Question 28

What type of epithelium does the proximal and distal convoluted tubules have? What is the function?

Answer 28

Cuboidal cells with microvilli/mitochondria

Increases surface area

Question 29

What type of epithelium does the renal corpuscle have? What is the function?

Answer 29

Squamous cells

Protection

Question 30

What type of epithelium does the nephron loop have? What is the function?

Answer 30

Squamous/low cuboidal cells

Protection, secretion, absorption

Question 31

What part of the renal cavity are the cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons mostly found?

Answer 31

Cortex
Medulla

Question 32

What structures are present in the nephron compared to the collecting system?

Answer 32

Nephron:
1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal/distal convoluted tubule
3. Nephron loop

Collecting System:
1. Collecting duct
2. Papillary duct

Question 33

What is the role of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 33

Production of filtrate

Question 34

What is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 34

Reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients

Question 35

What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 35

Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Variable reabsorption of water, Na+ ions, and Ca2+ ions

Question 36

What is variable reabsorption?

Answer 36

The kidneys selectively reabsorb substances from the filtrate in the renal tubules, depending on the body’s needs at a given time

Question 37

What is the role of the nephron loop?

Answer 37

Further reabsorption of WATER
Reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+ ions

Question 38

What is the nephron loop made of?

Answer 38

Thin descending limb and thick ascending limb

Question 39

What is the role of the collecting duct?

Answer 39

Variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or secretion of Na+, K+, H+, and bicarbonate ions

Question 40

What is the urine formation order starting with the renal corpuscle?

Answer 40

1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Nephron loop
4. Distal convoluted tubule
5. Collecting duct
6. Papillary duct
7. Minor calyx

Question 41

What is the role of the papillary duct?

Answer 41

Delivery of urine to minor calyx

Question 42

What is the role of the minor calyx?

Answer 42

Urine storage and elimination

Question 43

What are the three roles of the urine formation nephrons?

Answer 43

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion