Lecture 5 - Performance Dysfunction & schema Flashcards
What is performance Dysfunction II about?
More about internal processes
when does performance dysfunction occur?
- Desire to improve athletic performance
- performance has slumped, or progress is for some reason not as expected
- psychologically healthy but psychological barriers - processes are being disrupted - something is preventing optimal functioning
Outline what PDyI is
- Demands are key in causing the problem
- external pressures/ demands
- fixing the external demands should fix problem
- easier to fix - e.g change the coach
Outline what PDyII is
- Athlete has underlying schemas which are usually not disruptive
- its how you respond to that demand that is the problem
- harder to fix this as you have to change the software
What is the psychologists role?
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- highlight relationship between internal/ external factors and performance decline
- How is their responses to the environment affecting performance
- avoid traditional binary perspective - dont seperate performance and well being - they effect each other
PDy1 interventions are more ‘what’ based?
more therapy based - counselling based - working through problems
Outline whats involved in PDy1
- life role conflicts (such as student-athlete, parent-coach) - these two roles have competing demands that can get in way of performance
- Role change/ transition - going from player to captiain, parent to coach - can cause negative reactions
- bad interpersonal relationships - can impact performance - e.g. coach, team mates, chairman etc
what are the two parts of PDy2
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- Avoidance behaviour
- Over-involvement
- internal mental processes are the issue
What is avoidance behaviour in PDy2
- Authority, handicapping, short term
- resistance to authority/ training
- procrastination/ self-handicapping (behavioural/ verbal)
- short term gratification to avoid stress
- not a lack of motivation/ cant be bothered
What is over-involvement in PDy2?
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• rigid behaviours - perfectionism (different to doing things efficiently with maximum effort)
- short term satisfaction, not long term
• compulsion/ over-committed behaviour
• dont enjoy sport, just do it to protect self-worth
• relationship difficulties
• health-risk behaviours - e.g. coming back early from an injury, doping, over training etc
Outline Cognitive schemas
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- these are the causes of these dysfunctions
- early experiences develop rule systems/ behavioural tendencies - based on fundamental needs you have
- implicit rule systems
- very hard to change, theyve been developing for 18/19/20 years +
How do cognitive schemas relate to the self?
- self-perpetuating
- form core of your self-concept, how you act/ respond to things - how you want to be portrayed
- Shapes how you interact with others and view the world
- self-perpetuating - change environment to validate these schemas - gets harder and harder to shift
- group stimuli into schema classes - “this happens because it always happens”
What are the 4 functions of schemas
- Radar
- Understand
- self-worth
- interpersonal
- Help understand the world, and why things happen
- protect self-worth, avoid things that damage it
- Maintain interpersonal relatedness - need it, schemas help us get favourable responses from people
- Radar for threat - can sport when sense of self is being threatened
Why do we develop schemas?
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- develop schemas to get relatedness, and get a positive self-identity
- Reinforcement - develops rules and the way you respond emotionally, cognitively and behaviourally
- cant turn them off, once you form one that serves a function, you keep doing it even as an adult, even if its no longer got a function
What are the causes (etiology) of perfectionism?
- only receiving love/ sense of relatedness when you have dome something really well - dont get praise unless it is absolutely perfect
- 99% is not good enough, 100% is required
- conditional love gives you a perfectionist schema which you carry on until later in live
