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Sports Psych revision > Lecture 10 - Termination > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Termination Flashcards

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1
Q

How can retirement bring multiple stressors?

A

Not clear cut what will happen

  • fear of the unkown
  • dont know if you will be okay
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2
Q

How can retirement cause interpersonal and relationship issues?

A
  • Team mates are no longer there
  • May lose friends as they were fake
  • Family may not cope if you stopped - they dont like it and dont financially have enough
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3
Q

Define Pt 1

A

Expected and planned retirement

  • grieving process likely
  • its a process you build up to
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4
Q

Define PT 2

A

Career ends unexpectingly

  • injury, dropped of team
  • Potential for PTSD/ trauma
  • cannot plan for this form
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5
Q

Define career termination

A

Previous definition for retirement

  • seen as just an end point, final game, final championship etc
  • When they stop participating in their chosen sport
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6
Q

Define career transition

A

More beneficial to define retirement as a transition phase, not an end point

  • helps them plan, and you can support them through it easier
  • The process of moving from participation in competitive sport to a post-athletic career as a consequence of athletic career termination
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7
Q

What are some of the issues that retirement can bring about?

A
  • Loneliness
  • Depression
  • Alcohol and drug abuse
  • Financial adjustment
  • Occupational Adjustment
  • Losing friends - social networks change, need to adjust. Team mates and coaches carry on but you dont
  • No qualifications to fall back on
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8
Q

Outline the critical period of retirement

A

After London 2012, 16% of Uk athletes retired

  • 60/300 retired
  • 20/30 more were considering it
  • build up to olympics, an SP needs to be planning for lots of athletes retiring. But they are so focused on the olympics, so not a lot of stuff you can do in the build up
  • they cant work on future plans as too busy with olympic training
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9
Q

Outline Social Gerontology as a theoretical perspective on retiring

A
  • Gerontology is about ageing
  • Take this perspective and try and fit it onto athletic retirement, but doesnt really work like that
  • Shows how people normally retire around 65
  • and then stop working immediately
  • looks at social components
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10
Q

Why cant social gerontology apply to sport?

A

Athletes retire so much younger, at like 30

  • they often carry on working and change roles
  • dont always need to make huge life adjustments, especially if not that succesful.
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11
Q

Outline Thanatology as a theoretical perspective on retiring

A
  • The study of death

- The processes of death, and thinking about death are quite applicable to sport retirement

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12
Q

Outline Kubler-Ross (1969)

A

Interviewed terminal cancer patients and plotted the typical progression of coming to terms with it all

  1. Denial and Isolation (im not going to die)
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining - if religious, pray to God, if i do this, please dont let me die
  4. Depressive symptoms
  5. Hopefully then comes: Acceptance
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13
Q

How can Thanatology apply to sport contexts?

A
  • if it’s termination 1, then lots of the language athletes use is metaphors surrounding death - i will mourn the end of my career
  • Start with denial (i can still play, ill come back from this)
  • Anger
  • Bargaining, if i started early with gymnasticis i can play football for longer?
  • Depressive symptoms - after internalising it
  • Acceptance hopefully
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14
Q

Outline Schlossberg’s (1981) Model of Human Adaptation to Transition as a theoretical perspective
3 elements for the SP to focus on when helping a transition period

A

Provides 3 elements for the SP to focus on when helping a transition period

  1. Perceptions of the transition (levels of stress) - as it is a future event, it is stressful as athletes dont think they have the resources to cope with it
  2. Characteristics of the individual (e.g. age) - Are they old to be retiring? Are they resilient? are they fragile?
  3. Characteristics of the pre- and post- transitional Environment (e.g. levels of support) - do they have social support, educational workshops etc
  • Once this stuff is in place, they are prepared to succesfully transition
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15
Q

Outline the succesful adjustment model

A

Argues 3 things are required for sucessful transition

  1. Coping strategies
  2. Reasons for retirement
  3. Athletic Identity
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16
Q

Outline Athletic identity as a requirement for succesful transition

A

Most of your identity is surrounding being an athlete, so when you retire, a large whole of your identity is missing. Having a much more varied identity is important for a succesful transition

17
Q 
Outline Lally (2007) study into athletic identity,
What problems did they have? Fearful of retiring, how?
A

Interviewed gymnasts who were approaching retirement, identified them as having these problems:

  • Anticipation of crisis and diminished identity
  • stressed about the uncertain upcoming events
  • They did a natural coping strategy - tried to diminish their athletic identity - trying to find components of their identity outside of athletics

When they actually went through retirement, they didn’t have a crisis. Shows its normal to anticipate a crisis, and no disrupted identity

18
Q

Define Coping resources in succesful transition

A
  • Cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage external or internal demands/ conflicts, that you see as exceeding your resources
  • Stuff you do to cope with stressful things you see you cannot cope with
  • There are millions of coping strategies to cope with retirement
19
Q

What was Lazarus & Folkman, 1984 definition of Coping resources in succesful transition

A

A process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands or conflicts as appraised as taxing or exceeding one’s resources

20
Q

Give exampls of some coping strategies

**

A
  • Diminishing athletic identity - Finding other things to focus on - but hard if they are full time competing. Have to get them to refocus/ add things to their identity
  • Achieve all sport related goals, so you can retire happy
  • Having previous experience with transitions, like moving to an elite training camp
  • Get a new role in your sport - media/ coaching
  • Possession and awareness of transferable skills - e.g. leadership, communication etc. Can use this in other occupations. Make them aware/ teach them new ones
21
Q

Give more examples of coping strategies

A
  • New focus after termination - e.g. strictly come dancing
  • Pre-transition planning - SP can help them prepare, this is how to get jobs, this is what its going to be like. E.g Gary linekar. Coaching training whilst performing
  • Social support - most effective informal strategy - do you have a network available to you? or will you be lonely? Will you lose them after retiring?
  • Lots more transition support available now over past few years - cant just wave them off and say good luck
22
Q

Give examples of transition support we have in the UK

*****

A
  • Support Zone
  • Discovery Zone
  • Employer zone
  • Workshops
  • build CV, learn job application skills, meet employers etc etc
23
Q

Outline reasons for terminating your career
4 things
- how psychologically demanding is it

A
  1. Forced retirement - dropped from team, loss of funding
    - quite psychologically challenging
  2. Age
    - either have won everything, or just lost fitness/ energy, just too old
  3. Injury
    - one major one that rules you out for ever
    - or a niggling one that never gets better for long
    - Very psychologically challenging, especially if it keeps niggling and never really gets better. It gets better then worse
  4. Voluntary
    - Plan to retire - least psychologically challenging
    - just dont want to do it anymore, plan to retire after olympics
    - could be a relief
24
Q

Outline Kristina Vogel

A

Double olympic champion, 9 time world champion

  • paralysed in a crash
  • Extreme adjustment and extreme form of termination
  • Social and occupational adjusment
  • as well as coming to terms with being disabled
  • big psychological issues for her and those around her
25
Q 
Outline Heil (1993)'s circle of injury
the 3 D's
A

Cyclical process with injury

  • Denial - i will be fine again (can be advantageous)
  • Distress
  • Determined coping
  • these 3 interact. Denial is part of the coping process, which could flip to distress. Which then goes to determined coping then back to denial etc etc etc
26
Q

What can we do to treat performance termination 1

  • Emotional support
  • Behavioural
  • Cognitive
  • MAC
  • Career planning
A

GRIEVING PROCESS

  • emotional support (empathy/ counselling treatments)
  • Behavioural activation and therapy - focus on what you like to do and do it all the time
  • Cognitive restructuring of thoughts/ schemas - which are likely based off false beliefs like “im only good at athletics”
  • Acceptance and commitment - refocus back onto your life goals, lets commit to them and forget these emotionally driven behaviours
  • Career planning (simple) workshops and fairs etc
27
Q

What can we do to treat performance termination 2

- trauma, self-awareness

A

STRESS PROCESS

  • all of the same stuff for Performance Termination 1
  • emotional support, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, career planning, acceptance and commitment

Add:

  • self-awareness promotion - view themselves holisticly and widely - especially if termination is sudden
  • and assessment of trauma symptoms (e.g. sudden injury) - dealing with the clinical stuff like PTSD and trauma

Sports Psych revision (10 decks)

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