Lecture 5: off to school

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

is the transfer of knowledge from working memory to long-term memory

Question 2

Memory strategies to expand working memory

Answer 2

o 7-8 years: rehearsal of the material
o 9+ years: organization of the material
o 9+ years: elaboraration of the material

Question 3

Metacognition

Answer 3

• > diagnose memory problems accurately

- > monitor effectiveness of memory strategies

Question 4

Metamemory

Answer 4

understanding of remembering and forgetting (theory of mind)

Question 5

Cognitive self-regulation

Answer 5

identify goals, select strategy, use strategy, monitor strategy

Question 6

Intelligence, Spearman (1904)

Answer 6

intelligence consits of a general factors that is consistent across tasks and situations

Question 7

Intelligence, Thurstone and Thurstone (1941)

Answer 7

intelligence consist of distict abilities (Perceptual speed, word comprehension, word fluency, spatial relations, number proficiency, memory, and inductive reasoning)

Question 8

intelligence, Cattell (1993)

Answer 8

proposed a hierarchical model
o general factor on the first level
o specific abilities at the second level

Question 9

Gardner’s Theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 9

1. linguistic
2. logical-mathematics
3. spatial
4. musical
5. bodily-kinesthetic
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalistic
9. existential

Question 10

Emotional intelligence

Answer 10

the ability to use one’s emotions effectively for solving problems living happily

Question 11

Emotional intelligence (three components)

Answer 11

• emotion perception
• emotion understanding
• emotion regulation

Question 12

Stereotype threat is reduced …

Answer 12

1. when positive cultural values are confirmed beforehand
2. when the test is framed as an opportunity for problem solving or learning
3. when ethnicity os not made salient during the test

Question 13

Parenting styles

Answer 13

1. Authoritative
2. Permissive
3. Auhtoritarian
4. Uninvolved

Question 14

Parenting styles: Autoritarian

Answer 14

high level of demand and control

low levels of warmth and communication

Question 15

Parenting styles: Permissive

Answer 15

high in warmth and communication

low in demand and contrrol

Question 16

Parenting styles: Uninvolved

Answer 16

low in levls of demand and control

low inlevel of warmth and communication

Question 17

Parenting styles: Autoritative

Answer 17

high in warmth and communication
fair degree (high) in demand and control
- inductive discipline

Question 18

Child consequences: Autoritarian

Answer 18

good school performance
lower self-esteem (fewer interaction skills)
some subdues unhappy, others highly agressive

Question 19

Child consequences: Permissive

Answer 19

impulsive and low-selfcontrol

Question 20

Child consequences: Uninvolved

Answer 20

poor school performance

often aggressive

Question 21

Child consequences: autoritative

Answer 21

higher school grades

resposible, self-reliant, friendly

Question 22

Forms and Frequencies of Child Maltreatment (in the US)

Answer 22

• physicial abuse (20%)
• sexual abuse (10%)
• neglect (80%)
• psychological abuse (5%)

Question 23

Factors that promote child abuse

Answer 23

• cultural context
• parent characteristics
• child characteristics

Question 24

Consequences (of child maltreatment)

Answer 24

• physicial damage
• poor relationships (often aggressive)
• lower academic achievements
• more depresses as children

Question 25

protective factors

Answer 25

• child resilience
• child engagement in school
• positive representation of their mother