Lecture 4: entering the social world

Question 1

attachment

Answer 1

an enduring socioemotional relationship between infants and their caregivers

Question 2

Phases in the development of attachment

Answer 2

1. Preattachment
2. Attachment in the making
3. True attachment
4. Reciprocal relationships

Question 3

Preattachment

Answer 3

infants produce behaviors that engage their parents (crying, smiling) - birth to 6-8 weeks

Question 4

Attachment in the making

Answer 4

babies direct their smile more and more to one or a few persons and are more easily consoled by them, when upset
- 6-8 weeks to 6-8 months

Question 5

True attachment

Answer 5

attachment person serves as a secure base for the infant when exploring the environment - 6-8 months to 18 months

Question 6

Reciprocal relationships

Answer 6

children begin to understand their attachment person’s goals and feelings and start negotiating with them - from 18 months onward

Question 7

Quality of attachment

Answer 7

• secure
• insecure-avoidance
• insecure-resistant
• insecure- disorganized

Question 8

secure (attachment style)

Answer 8

when the mother leaves, the baby may or may not cry - when she return, the baby wants to be with her (stops crying)

Question 9

insecure-avoidance (attachment style)

Answer 9

the baby is not upset, when mother leaves - when she return, she might be ignored

Question 10

insecure- resistant (attachment style)

Answer 10

the baby is very upset, when mother leaves - baby remains upset, when she returns (difficult to console)

Question 11

insecure- disorganized (attachment style)

Answer 11

the baby seems confused, when mother leaves and when she returns (contradictory behavior)

Question 12

Development of the secure attachment

Answer 12

reliable reassurance in times of need most of the time

Question 13

Development of insecure-avoidance attachment

Answer 13

caretaker doent not respond to the baby’s attchment behaviors/ only very late/is annoyed by the baby’s demands and misinterprets them

Question 14

Insecure-resistant attachment (development)

Answer 14

caregiver responds only sometimes to attachment behaviors

Question 15

Insecure-disorganized attachment (development)

Answer 15

likely when the child has been threatened by the caregiver

Question 16

Attachment (emotional development)

Answer 16

emotion regulation with the caregiver of distress, anxiety, frustartion (social support) - learn about emotion regulation

Question 17

Social referencing

Answer 17

infants use cues from facial expressions and voice tones of familiar adults to help them figure out what to do in a novel or ambivalent situation

Question 18

Gross model: Emotion Regulation

Answer 18

1. Antecendent conditions
2. Appraisal
3. Invisible Reaction tendencies
4. Modulation
5. Visible Reaction

Question 19

Antecendent Conditions (Gross Model)

Answer 19

• external

- internal

Question 20

Appraisal (Gross Model)

Answer 20

antecendent- oeriented regulation

Question 21

Invisible Reaction tendencies

Answer 21

Emotion protype -> leads to

1. Experience
2. Expression program
3. Physiolog. support

Question 22

Modulation (Gross Model)

Answer 22

Response-oriented Regulation

Question 23

Visible Reactions (Gross Model)

Answer 23

Self Report (from Experience)
Expression (form expression Program)
Physiological Reaction (from physiological - support)

Question 24

young children’s emotions regulation in the gross model

Answer 24

• young children turn to attachment figures for help in emotion regulation
• how intensive emotion displays are is determined by the child’s temperament