Lecture 4: entering the social world Flashcards
attachment
an enduring socioemotional relationship between infants and their caregivers
Phases in the development of attachment
- Preattachment
- Attachment in the making
- True attachment
- Reciprocal relationships
Preattachment
infants produce behaviors that engage their parents (crying, smiling) - birth to 6-8 weeks
Attachment in the making
babies direct their smile more and more to one or a few persons and are more easily consoled by them, when upset
- 6-8 weeks to 6-8 months
True attachment
attachment person serves as a secure base for the infant when exploring the environment - 6-8 months to 18 months
Reciprocal relationships
children begin to understand their attachment person’s goals and feelings and start negotiating with them - from 18 months onward
Quality of attachment
- secure
- insecure-avoidance
- insecure-resistant
- insecure- disorganized
secure (attachment style)
when the mother leaves, the baby may or may not cry - when she return, the baby wants to be with her (stops crying)
insecure-avoidance (attachment style)
the baby is not upset, when mother leaves - when she return, she might be ignored
insecure- resistant (attachment style)
the baby is very upset, when mother leaves - baby remains upset, when she returns (difficult to console)
insecure- disorganized (attachment style)
the baby seems confused, when mother leaves and when she returns (contradictory behavior)
Development of the secure attachment
reliable reassurance in times of need most of the time
Development of insecure-avoidance attachment
caretaker doent not respond to the baby’s attchment behaviors/ only very late/is annoyed by the baby’s demands and misinterprets them
Insecure-resistant attachment (development)
caregiver responds only sometimes to attachment behaviors
Insecure-disorganized attachment (development)
likely when the child has been threatened by the caregiver
Attachment (emotional development)
emotion regulation with the caregiver of distress, anxiety, frustartion (social support) - learn about emotion regulation
Social referencing
infants use cues from facial expressions and voice tones of familiar adults to help them figure out what to do in a novel or ambivalent situation
Gross model: Emotion Regulation
- Antecendent conditions
- Appraisal
- Invisible Reaction tendencies
- Modulation
- Visible Reaction
Antecendent Conditions (Gross Model)
- external
- internal
Appraisal (Gross Model)
antecendent- oeriented regulation
Invisible Reaction tendencies
Emotion protype -> leads to
- Experience
- Expression program
- Physiolog. support
Modulation (Gross Model)
Response-oriented Regulation
Visible Reactions (Gross Model)
Self Report (from Experience) Expression (form expression Program) Physiological Reaction (from physiological - support)
young children’s emotions regulation in the gross model
- young children turn to attachment figures for help in emotion regulation
- how intensive emotion displays are is determined by the child’s temperament
