Lecture 3: Perceptual and Cognitive devlopment in early childhood

Question 1

Theory of mind

Answer 1

• ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior

Question 2

cornerstone ToM

Answer 2

understanding that others see the same objective facts in a different light, because they interprete it in a different way

Question 3

Stages in the Development of ToM

18-24 months

Answer 3

people have different desires

Question 4

Stages in the Development of ToM

24-36 months

Answer 4

poeple have different beliefs

Question 5

Stages in the Development of ToM

36 months

Answer 5

different experiences lead to different stages of knowledge

Question 6

Stages in the Development of ToM

36 - 48 months

Answer 6

poeple’s behavior is based on their beliefs - even when they are wrong (false belief understanding)

Question 7

Stages in the Development of ToM

48 - 60 months

Answer 7

poeple may feel one emotions but show another emotion

Question 8

Knowledge systems of language

Answer 8

1. Prosodogy
2. Phonology
3. Lexical and Semantics
4. Morphology
5. Syntax
6. Pragmatics

Question 9

Prosodogy

Answer 9

speech melody and rhythm

Question 10

Phonology

Answer 10

Sound system

Question 11

Lexicon and Semantics

Answer 11

Vocabulary and meaning of words

Question 12

Morphology

Answer 12

form of language

Question 13

Syntax

Answer 13

sentence structure and grammar

Question 14

Pragmatics

Answer 14

Appropiateness

Question 15

Modular design (language development)

Answer 15

mastery of one knowledge system is a prerequisite for the next compalx system

Question 16

Development Prosodogy and Phonology

Answer 16

• Prenatal to 16 month

- segmentation of stream of speech, specializing in the phonology and prosody of the mother tongue

Question 17

Development of Lexicon and Semantics

Answer 17

• From birth to 24 months

- Acquisition of vocabulary

Question 18

Development of Morphology and Syntax

Answer 18

• 18 month - 3,5 years

- looking at complex sentence structures

Question 19

Development of Pragmatics

Answer 19

• 2 months to 5 years

- turn taking and adjusting the speech to listeners- storytelling

Question 20

Multilingualism

Answer 20

Fluency in or frequent use of more than one language

Question 21

Monolingualism

Answer 21

Fluency in or frequent use of one language

Question 22

Additive multilingualism vs. subtractive multilingualism

Answer 22

1. both L1 (home laguage) and L2 (second language) are supported
2. only L2 (second language) is supported

Question 23

Benefitcs of multilingualism across lifespan (Children)

Answer 23

• metacognitive and metalingustic skills
• learning of new words
• early literacy skills
• attentional and executive control

Question 24

Benefits of multilingualism across the lifespan (older adults)

Answer 24

• better executive functioning
• more efficient neural processing
• delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease