Lecture 5 Malvids Flashcards
Which of the following is true about indeterminate inflorescences?
a) blooming order is from top to bottom in the inflorescence
b) the inflorescence always has the same number of flowers
c) the apical meristem remains functional after producing the first flower and continues to produce more flowers at the tip of the inflorescence
c)
What are common types of indeterminate inflorescences?
Spike (sessile flowers)
Raceme (with pedicels)
Panicle (2nd order of higher branching)
What is an indeterminate inflorescence?
the youngest flowers are at the top of an elongated axis or on the centre of a truncated axis
What are stem/leaf characteristics of Onograceae (evening primrose) family?
Herbaceous or woody (in Quebec, only herbaceous)
Simple leaves which can be opposite, alternate, or whorled
What are the flower characteristics of the Onograceae family (evening primrose)?
- Flower regular
- Multiple petals (usually 4)
- Inferior ovary with long, epigynous hypanthium
- Ovary made up of 4 fused carpels with axile placentation and many ovules
What are inflorescence type in Onograceae family?
Axillary or in spikes, racemes or panicles
Indeterminate inflorescence
What type of fruit in Onograceae family?
Fruit usually a capsule
Does not open at maturity, but rather adheres to the fur of animals
Are Onograceae plants commercially important?
No (although Chamerion angustifolium has some medicinal properties)
Some species are used as ornamentals
Where are Onograceae plants found?
Widely distributed globally
Local species in Quebec found in various habitats
Most diversity in the family is in Western North America and South America
Where are Lytheraceae (Pomogranate or loosestrife family) plants found?
Mostly tropical family mainly found in wetlands
Important due to a few invasive species and the pomegranates (Punica)
What are some common features across local Lytheraceae plants?
Not many common features across the family
Local commonalities:
- perennial herbs with opposite leaves
- flowers with wrinkled petals
- stamens twice as many as petals
- outcrossing enforced by tristyly
- many-seeded capsule
Floating aquatic plants with sharply toothed leaves, and petioles with enlarged portions, leaves borne in a rosette (water chestnut)
What is heterostyly?
The condition (e.g. in primroses) of having styles of different lengths relative to the stamens in the flowers of different individual plants, to reduce self-fertilization.
What order is Brassicaceae family a part of?
Brassicales
What order are Onograceae and Lythraceae a part of?
Myrtales
What are glucosinolates?
Natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, horseraddish, etc.
- known as mustard oils
Brassicaceae family produces it
What order of plants produces glucosinolates?
Brassicales
What food plants are produced from Brassica oleracea?
Cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower
What food plants are produced from Brassica rapa?
bok choy, napa cabbage, turnip, canola
What are the stem/leaf characteristics of Brassicaceae family?
Herbaceous plants
Alternate or basal leaves
What are the inflorescence characteristics of Brassicaceae?
Flowers in racemes or panicles
Indeterminate (i think?)
What are the floral characteristics of Brassicaceae?
Flowers perfect, regular, 4-merous, polypetalous
Stamens tetradynamous (2 short, 4 long stamens)
Superior ovary made up of 2 fused carpels with septum and parietal placentation
What are the fruits in Brassicaceae?
Fruit a capsule of either the silique (long and narrow) or a silicle (short and broad) type
What are stellate hairs?
Star-shaped hairs
Found in the Malvaceae family (not unique to this family, but found across it)
What are the stem/leaf characteristics of Malvaceae (mallow) family?
Woody or herbaceous
Leaves usually palmately veined or lobed, alternate
What are the floral characteristics of Malvaceae family?
Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous
Often with an epicalyx (extra whorl below sepals)
Stamens numerous, monadelphous (united by their filaments so as to form one group)
2 to many fused carpels with capitate stigmas (with a rounded head)
- stigmas pop out from the middle
- one stigma for each part of the ovary
Ovary superior
What type of fruit in the Malvaceae family?
Fruit a capsule or schizocarp
What family is the Tilia genus a part of?
Malvaceae
What are characteristics of Tilia genus?
Trees with alternate serrate leaves, with oblique cordate bases
Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous, polypetalous
Many stamens
Ovary superior with 5 fused carpels but a single style and stigma
Flowers in cymes attached to leafy bracts
What is a cyme?
Determinate inflorescence
The apical meristem produces a flower, then all subsequent flowers are produced from lateral buds below the first flower
A branched cyme is called a compound cyme
Is Malvaceae family economically important?
Yes (not a lottt), chocolate, hibiscus
What are examples of families in the Sapindales order?
Sapindaceae (acer)
Hippocastenaceae (horsechestnuts)
Anacardiaceae (rhus typhina, toxicodendron radicans)
Rutaceae (citrus fruits)
What are characteristics of the Sapindaceae (maple) family?
Trees with opposite, palmately lobed, or rarely pinnately compound, leaves
Flowers 5-merous, variously unisexual or perfect
8 stamens
2 carpels
Often with a circular nectary disk
What type of fruit in Sapindaceae?
Fruit a compound samara
What is the habitat of acer pensylvanicum, platanoides, rubrum, saccharum, saccharinum, negundo?
Pensylvanicum: smaller understory tree found in mature forests
Platanoides: mature forests, can grow in slightly poorer soils
Rubrum: mature forests, swamps and floodplains
Saccharum: mature forests
Saccharinum: floodplain forests and swamps, NOT mature forests, not very shade tolerant
Negundo: prairie species, river banks, areas with more consistent moisture, disturbed areas (cities), not shade tolerant
What are examples of species of Anacardiaceae we saw in the field? What are other known species?
Rhus typhina
Toxicodendron radicans
Cashews and mango
What are characteristics of Rhus typhina?
Woody plants with alternate, pinnately compounds leaves
Small, perfect, or unisexual flowers arranged in large, dense terminal panicles
Flowers 5-merous, polypetalous, with circular nectary disk
5 stamens and syncarpous ovary with 3 carpels but only one basal ovule
Red drupes
What are characteristics of Toxicodendron radicans?
Shrubs or woody vines with alternate pinnately compound leaves
Small unisexual flowers arranged in loose axillary panicles
Flowers very similar to those of Rhus but drupes are white to cream-coloured
