Lecture 5 Malvids Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is true about indeterminate inflorescences?
a) blooming order is from top to bottom in the inflorescence
b) the inflorescence always has the same number of flowers
c) the apical meristem remains functional after producing the first flower and continues to produce more flowers at the tip of the inflorescence

A

c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common types of indeterminate inflorescences?

A

Spike (sessile flowers)

Raceme (with pedicels)

Panicle (2nd order of higher branching)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an indeterminate inflorescence?

A

the youngest flowers are at the top of an elongated axis or on the centre of a truncated axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are stem/leaf characteristics of Onograceae (evening primrose) family?

A

Herbaceous or woody (in Quebec, only herbaceous)

Simple leaves which can be opposite, alternate, or whorled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the flower characteristics of the Onograceae family (evening primrose)?

A
  • Flower regular
  • Multiple petals (usually 4)
  • Inferior ovary with long, epigynous hypanthium
  • Ovary made up of 4 fused carpels with axile placentation and many ovules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are inflorescence type in Onograceae family?

A

Axillary or in spikes, racemes or panicles

Indeterminate inflorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of fruit in Onograceae family?

A

Fruit usually a capsule

Does not open at maturity, but rather adheres to the fur of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are Onograceae plants commercially important?

A

No (although Chamerion angustifolium has some medicinal properties)

Some species are used as ornamentals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are Onograceae plants found?

A

Widely distributed globally

Local species in Quebec found in various habitats

Most diversity in the family is in Western North America and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are Lytheraceae (Pomogranate or loosestrife family) plants found?

A

Mostly tropical family mainly found in wetlands

Important due to a few invasive species and the pomegranates (Punica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some common features across local Lytheraceae plants?

A

Not many common features across the family

Local commonalities:
- perennial herbs with opposite leaves
- flowers with wrinkled petals
- stamens twice as many as petals
- outcrossing enforced by tristyly
- many-seeded capsule

Floating aquatic plants with sharply toothed leaves, and petioles with enlarged portions, leaves borne in a rosette (water chestnut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is heterostyly?

A

The condition (e.g. in primroses) of having styles of different lengths relative to the stamens in the flowers of different individual plants, to reduce self-fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What order is Brassicaceae family a part of?

A

Brassicales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What order are Onograceae and Lythraceae a part of?

A

Myrtales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are glucosinolates?

A

Natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, horseraddish, etc.
- known as mustard oils

Brassicaceae family produces it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What order of plants produces glucosinolates?

A

Brassicales

17
Q

What food plants are produced from Brassica oleracea?

A

Cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower

18
Q

What food plants are produced from Brassica rapa?

A

bok choy, napa cabbage, turnip, canola

19
Q

What are the stem/leaf characteristics of Brassicaceae family?

A

Herbaceous plants
Alternate or basal leaves

20
Q

What are the inflorescence characteristics of Brassicaceae?

A

Flowers in racemes or panicles
Indeterminate (i think?)

21
Q

What are the floral characteristics of Brassicaceae?

A

Flowers perfect, regular, 4-merous, polypetalous

Stamens tetradynamous (2 short, 4 long stamens)

Superior ovary made up of 2 fused carpels with septum and parietal placentation

22
Q

What are the fruits in Brassicaceae?

A

Fruit a capsule of either the silique (long and narrow) or a silicle (short and broad) type

23
Q

What are stellate hairs?

A

Star-shaped hairs

Found in the Malvaceae family (not unique to this family, but found across it)

24
Q

What are the stem/leaf characteristics of Malvaceae (mallow) family?

A

Woody or herbaceous
Leaves usually palmately veined or lobed, alternate

25
Q

What are the floral characteristics of Malvaceae family?

A

Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous

Often with an epicalyx (extra whorl below sepals)

Stamens numerous, monadelphous (united by their filaments so as to form one group)

2 to many fused carpels with capitate stigmas (with a rounded head)
- stigmas pop out from the middle
- one stigma for each part of the ovary

Ovary superior

26
Q

What type of fruit in the Malvaceae family?

A

Fruit a capsule or schizocarp

27
Q

What family is the Tilia genus a part of?

A

Malvaceae

28
Q

What are characteristics of Tilia genus?

A

Trees with alternate serrate leaves, with oblique cordate bases

Flowers perfect, regular, 5-merous, polypetalous

Many stamens

Ovary superior with 5 fused carpels but a single style and stigma

Flowers in cymes attached to leafy bracts

29
Q

What is a cyme?

A

Determinate inflorescence

The apical meristem produces a flower, then all subsequent flowers are produced from lateral buds below the first flower

A branched cyme is called a compound cyme

30
Q

Is Malvaceae family economically important?

A

Yes (not a lottt), chocolate, hibiscus

31
Q

What are examples of families in the Sapindales order?

A

Sapindaceae (acer)
Hippocastenaceae (horsechestnuts)
Anacardiaceae (rhus typhina, toxicodendron radicans)
Rutaceae (citrus fruits)

32
Q

What are characteristics of the Sapindaceae (maple) family?

A

Trees with opposite, palmately lobed, or rarely pinnately compound, leaves

Flowers 5-merous, variously unisexual or perfect

8 stamens

2 carpels

Often with a circular nectary disk

33
Q

What type of fruit in Sapindaceae?

A

Fruit a compound samara

34
Q

What is the habitat of acer pensylvanicum, platanoides, rubrum, saccharum, saccharinum, negundo?

A

Pensylvanicum: smaller understory tree found in mature forests

Platanoides: mature forests, can grow in slightly poorer soils

Rubrum: mature forests, swamps and floodplains

Saccharum: mature forests

Saccharinum: floodplain forests and swamps, NOT mature forests, not very shade tolerant

Negundo: prairie species, river banks, areas with more consistent moisture, disturbed areas (cities), not shade tolerant

35
Q

What are examples of species of Anacardiaceae we saw in the field? What are other known species?

A

Rhus typhina
Toxicodendron radicans

Cashews and mango

36
Q

What are characteristics of Rhus typhina?

A

Woody plants with alternate, pinnately compounds leaves

Small, perfect, or unisexual flowers arranged in large, dense terminal panicles

Flowers 5-merous, polypetalous, with circular nectary disk

5 stamens and syncarpous ovary with 3 carpels but only one basal ovule

Red drupes

37
Q

What are characteristics of Toxicodendron radicans?

A

Shrubs or woody vines with alternate pinnately compound leaves

Small unisexual flowers arranged in loose axillary panicles

Flowers very similar to those of Rhus but drupes are white to cream-coloured