Lab 6: Eudicots 1

Question 1

When will a Ranunculaceae plant produce an achene vs. a follicle (or more rarely a berry)?

Answer 1

Achene: When there is a single seed per carpel

Follicle (or rarely a berry): more seeds per carpel

Question 2

Ranunculaceae separate or connate carpels?

Answer 2

Separate

Question 3

Ranunculus acris (Ranunculaceae)

Answer 3

Simple pistils
Achene (one seed per fruit (per pistil))
- one ovule will be fertilized

5 yellow petals

5 sepals

Question 4

Aquilegia sp (Ranunculaceae)

Answer 4

5-merous perianth
Nectar spurs (long tubes that produce nectar that attracts pollinators)
Simple pistils –> 1 carpel each
2 whorled perianth
Non-fused petals
Many stamens
Actinomorphic (radially symmetrical)
Follicle –> since many carpels

Question 5

Dicentra zygomorphic or actinomorphic?

Answer 5

Zygomorphic

Question 6

Dicentra exima family?

Answer 6

Papaveraceae

Question 7

Dicentra exima characteristics

Answer 7

4 petals fused into two pairs at right angle to each other

2 sepals (tend to fall off) –> caducous

2 sets of 3 stamens (6 stamens total)

2 bracts (do not confuse them for sepals)

Capsule fruit

Herbaceous plant

Ovary made up of 2 fused carpels

Two pairs of petals (inner petals fused together at the tip)

Question 8

What is the easiest way to recognize Saxifragaceae?

Answer 8

Two divergent carpels in each flower

Ovaries usually fused together
Styles and stigmas are separate (tend to spread away from one another)

Superior ovary

Only herbaceous (no secondary growth)

Question 9

How does Grossulariaceae differ from Saxifragaceae?

Answer 9

Plants are woody
Ovary is inferior
# stamen = # petals (often 5)

Question 10

Does Ribes have a hypanthium? What do do petals and sepals look like?

Answer 10

Yes, hypanthium extends beyond the ovary forming an epigynous saucer-shaped cup above the inferior ovary

Often sepals much larger than petals and petaloid

Question 11

Ribes nigrum

Answer 11

5 sepals and 5 petals (sepals much larger)

2 carpels with diverging styles

5 stamens

Hypanthium

Question 12

Onagraceae characteristics

Answer 12

Usually 4-merous
Inferior ovary
In many species, the hypanthium is not only fused right to the top of the ovary, but also extends beyond the top of the ovary as am epigynous tubular hypanthium

Question 13

Onothera biennis

Answer 13

Onograceae
Inferior ovary
Hypanthium
Epigynous
4-fused styles

Question 14

Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed)

Answer 14

Onograceae
4 petals and 4 sepals
Ovary inferior
Indeterminate inflorescence

Question 15

Lythrum salicaria

Answer 15

Lytheraceae
Hererostyly prevents selfing (promotes outcrossing)
1 style
12 stamens
numerous fused carpels

Question 16

Brassicaceae characteristics

Answer 16

4-merous
tetradynamous stamens (4 long and 2 short)
Compound ovary with 2 carpels
Distinct sepals and petals
Hypogynous
Siliques (long narrow fruits)
Silicles (short broad fruits)

Question 17

Brassica rapa

Answer 17

Brassicaceae
tetradynamous stamens
4-merous
2 carpels

Question 18

Malvaceae characteristics

Answer 18

Stamen tube with numerous monadelphouse stamens (united into one bundle by their filaments)

Distinct petals (attach to the stamen tube just above its base)

Epicalyx: an extra layer of bracts that directly subtend the true calyx

Capitate stigma

Palmately lobed or palmately veined leaves with stellar hairs

Question 19

Tilia characteristics

Answer 19

Many non-fused stamens
Stellate hairs
Wonderful smell –> make tea and perfume
- ex. Linden honey (from nectar collected from Tilia trees) is very flavourful

Question 20

Rhus typhina

Answer 20

Anacardiaceae
Has both unisexual and perfect flowers