LECTURE 5: HEAD Flashcards
What are the bones of the skull?
Cranial bones (8) Frontal bone Parietal bones (2) Temporal bones (2) Occipital bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone (internal)
What are the parts of the frontal bone?
supraorbital notch/foramen, and zygomatic process
What does the zygomatic process articulate with?
part of the frontal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone
What are the parts of the temporal bone?
Squamous part – flat
Petrous part -
Styloid process – can be palpated on cheek
Zygomatic process
What is contained in the petrous part of the temporal bone?
Contains mastoid process that has the External acoustic (auditory) meatus
What are the parts of the occipital bone?
foramen Magnus, and occipital condyles
What is the significance of the foramen Magnus?
exact point which brain stem becomes the spinal cord
What does the occipital condyles articulate with?
articulate with atlas C1 to flex and extend the head
What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?
Greater wing – butterfly shape
Lesser wing
Sella turcica –
Pterygoid processes
What is the significance of the sella turcica?
where pituitary sits
What does the ethmoid bone make up?
nasal cavity
What is the significance of the cribriform plate?
has lots of tiny foramen because olfactory nerve/nervelets that innervate superior nasal conchae
What is the significance of the perpendicular plate?
form nasal septal separating internal parts of the nose
What is the role of the nasal conchae?
creates more surface area, clean air and moisten air we breathe
What is a sinus infection?
ethmoid cells fill with back and mucus get stuck in your sinuses and creates a lot of pressure
Where does the coronal suture lie?
Between frontal and parietal bones
Where does the sagittal suture lie?
Between parietal bones
Where does the bregma suture lie?
Where sagittal suture meets coronal; Soft spot in baby’s head
Where does the squamous suture lie?
Between temporal and parietal bones
Where does the lambodial suture lie?
between parietal and occipital bones
Where does the lambda suture lie?
Where sagittal suture meets the lambdoidal suture; soft spot in baby’s head
What are the 14 facial bones?
Maxilla (2 bone embryologically that fuse to one) Palatine bones (2) – hard palate Zygomatic bones (2) Mandible Lacrimal bones (2) Nasal bones (2) • Vomer – makes up rest of nasal septum Inferior nasal conchae (2)
What is a cleft palate?
when maxilla bones do not fuse - space between bones. You can create a suction especially for babies trying to eat
What bones does the zygomatic process articulate with?
o Processes that articulate with frontal maxillary and temporal bones
What bones does the nasal articulate with?
Articulates with frontal and maxillary bones
What bones does the nasal lacrimal articulate with?
lacrimal fossa
What is the role of the nasal lacrimal fossa?
drains your eyes into your lacrimal cavity
What are the components of the maxilla?
o Zygomatic process
o Infraorbital foramen
o Palatine process – Forms hard palate
What does the vomer form?
Forms nasal septum (with perpendicular plate of ethmoid)
What are the parts of the mandible?
Mental foramen Body of mandible Ramus of mandible – goes upward Angle of mandible Coronoid process – Condylar process –
What does the condylar process form?
Forms Tempo Mandibular Joint
What is the point of the coronoid process?
for muscle attachment for jaw movement
What are the 7 bones of the orbit?
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Zygomatic
- Lacrimal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoid
- Palatine
What are the muscles of the face?
Frontalis Temporalis Zygomaticus major Orbicularis oculi – surround eye and mouth Orbicularis oris Masseter Buccinator – cheek
What is the role of the frontaslis muscle?
Raises eyebrows
What is the role of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Closes and scrunches eyes
What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for expression?
facial nerve
What are the roles of the buccinator muscle?
Keeps cheek taut- prevents biting of cheek while eating, and Compresses distended cheeks
What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for mystification?
Cranial nerve (Trigeminal nerve CN V)
What are the roles of the temporalis muscle?
Attaches on temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible; raises mandible
What are the roles of the masseter muscle?
Attaches on zygomatic arch and ramus of mandible; raises mandible
What are the muscles of mystification?
Temporalis –
Masseter
Medial and lateral pterygoids
What are the blood supply to the facial muscles?
o Facial o Maxillary o Superficial temporal o Occipital o Posterior auricular
What is the venous drainage of the muscles of fascial expression?
Internal jugular vein
What is the lymphatic drainage of the anterior upper scalp and eye?
pre- auricular and parotid nodes in front of the ear
What is the lymphatic drainage of the posterior upper scalp?
mastoid nodes
How is the nasal cavity lead into the nasopharynx?
via choanae
What is the role of the pharyngeal isthmus?
separate naso and oropharynx
What is the role of the oropharyngeal isthmus?
leads Oral cavity to oropharynx
What is the hard palate?
floor of nasal cavity; roof of the mouth
What are the regions of the nasal cavity?
Vestibule- skin, contains hair follicles
Respiratory- ciliated and mucous cells
Olfactory- area innervated by CN I (Olfactory)
What are the types of paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary – biggest Frontal Sphenoidal Ethmoidal air cells Nasolacrimal duct also drains into nasal cavity from medial orbit
What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?
cranial nerves
What is the blood supply of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary and facial arteries – Branches off of external carotid
What are the bones of the medial wall nasal cavity?
Nasal bones, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer
What are the bones of the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine process of maxillae, palatine bones
What are the bones of the lateral wall nasal cavity?
Ethmoid (with conchae), palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae
What bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribriform plate of ethmoid
What are the bones of the oral cavity?
maxillae, palatine, sphenoid, temporal and mandible
What is houses in the maxillae and mandible?
Maxillae contain upper teeth
Mandible contains lower teeth
What muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?
Geniohyoid, mylohyoid muscles
What muscles make up the wall of the oral cavity?
buccinator
What is the soft palate?
smooth muscle; uvula hangs down form it
What re the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
o Longitudinal, transverse, vertical
What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Attach to structures outside the tongue; protrude, retract, depress and elevate tongue
What is papillae
Contain taste buds on he surface of the tongue
What are the types of salivary glands?
Parotid – largest, empties into 2nd molar
Submandibular – serous and mucus mix
Sublingual – serous and mucus mix
What is the blood supply to the oral cavity?
Lingual a. (from external carotid) supplying whole of the mouth
What is the venous drainage of the oral cavity?
Deep and dorsal lingual veins- drain into internal jugular
What is the lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity?
Deep cervical nodes along internal jugular vein
What is the innervation of the oral cavity?
cranial nerves
What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube?
auditory tube to equalize pressure in middle ear to the atmosphere pressure
What is contained in the oropharynx?
o Soft palate, uvula hang down
o Palatine tonsils hanging off soft palate
What is the role of the frontal lobe?
Deal with intelligence, humor, social ques, emotions, etc.
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Contains primary sensory cortex for heat and pain; Association cortex is the why behind you cold and hot senses
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
for smell and hearing
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
contains visual cortex
What is the role of the insula?
contains taste cortex
What is the role of the cerebellum?
important in coordination and movement
What is the role of the canaliculi?
visual and auditory reflexes
What is the role of thalamus?
rely sensory center
What is the role of hypothalamus?
master endocrine glands, hormones, pain and pleasure center, hunger, tiredness and thirst
What are the components of the brains stem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata – brain stem, where cranial nerves merge
What is the blood supply to the brain?
Contributions from internal carotid and vertebral arteries (travel in transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae, and fuse between pons and medulla and become the basilar artery)
What are the meninges?
Dura mater – outer most layer, tough Subdural space Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid space - CSF flows here Pia mater
