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Anatomy > LECTURE 5: HEAD > Flashcards

LECTURE 5: HEAD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the skull?

A 
	Cranial bones (8)
	Frontal bone
	Parietal bones (2)
	Temporal bones (2)
	Occipital bone
	Sphenoid bone
	Ethmoid bone (internal)
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2
Q

What are the parts of the frontal bone?

A

supraorbital notch/foramen, and zygomatic process

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3
Q

What does the zygomatic process articulate with?

A

part of the frontal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone

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4
Q

What are the parts of the temporal bone?

A

 Squamous part – flat
 Petrous part -
 Styloid process – can be palpated on cheek
 Zygomatic process

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5
Q

What is contained in the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Contains mastoid process that has the External acoustic (auditory) meatus

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6
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone?

A

foramen Magnus, and occipital condyles

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7
Q

What is the significance of the foramen Magnus?

A

exact point which brain stem becomes the spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the occipital condyles articulate with?

A

articulate with atlas C1 to flex and extend the head

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9
Q

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?

A

 Greater wing – butterfly shape
 Lesser wing
 Sella turcica –
 Pterygoid processes

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10
Q

What is the significance of the sella turcica?

A

where pituitary sits

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11
Q

What does the ethmoid bone make up?

A

nasal cavity

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12
Q

What is the significance of the cribriform plate?

A

has lots of tiny foramen because olfactory nerve/nervelets that innervate superior nasal conchae

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13
Q

What is the significance of the perpendicular plate?

A

form nasal septal separating internal parts of the nose

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14
Q

What is the role of the nasal conchae?

A

creates more surface area, clean air and moisten air we breathe

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15
Q

What is a sinus infection?

A

ethmoid cells fill with back and mucus get stuck in your sinuses and creates a lot of pressure

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16
Q

Where does the coronal suture lie?

A

Between frontal and parietal bones

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17
Q

Where does the sagittal suture lie?

A

Between parietal bones

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18
Q

Where does the bregma suture lie?

A

Where sagittal suture meets coronal; Soft spot in baby’s head

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19
Q

Where does the squamous suture lie?

A

Between temporal and parietal bones

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20
Q

Where does the lambodial suture lie?

A

between parietal and occipital bones

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21
Q

Where does the lambda suture lie?

A

Where sagittal suture meets the lambdoidal suture; soft spot in baby’s head

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22
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A 
	Maxilla (2 bone embryologically that fuse to one)
	Palatine bones (2) – hard palate
	Zygomatic bones (2)
	Mandible
	Lacrimal bones (2)
	Nasal bones (2)
•	Vomer – makes up rest of nasal septum 
	Inferior nasal conchae (2)
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23
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

when maxilla bones do not fuse - space between bones. You can create a suction especially for babies trying to eat

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24
Q

What bones does the zygomatic process articulate with?

A

o Processes that articulate with frontal maxillary and temporal bones

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25
Q

What bones does the nasal articulate with?

A

Articulates with frontal and maxillary bones

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26
Q

What bones does the nasal lacrimal articulate with?

A

lacrimal fossa

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27
Q

What is the role of the nasal lacrimal fossa?

A

drains your eyes into your lacrimal cavity

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28
Q

What are the components of the maxilla?

A

o Zygomatic process
o Infraorbital foramen
o Palatine process – Forms hard palate

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29
Q

What does the vomer form?

A

Forms nasal septum (with perpendicular plate of ethmoid)

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30
Q

What are the parts of the mandible?

A 
	Mental foramen
	Body of mandible
	Ramus of mandible – goes upward
	Angle of mandible
	Coronoid process – 
	Condylar process –
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31
Q

What does the condylar process form?

A

Forms Tempo Mandibular Joint

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32
Q

What is the point of the coronoid process?

A

for muscle attachment for jaw movement

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33
Q

What are the 7 bones of the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Lacrimal
  5. Maxillary
  6. Ethmoid
  7. Palatine
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34
Q

What are the muscles of the face?

A 
	Frontalis 
	Temporalis 
	Zygomaticus major
	Orbicularis oculi – surround eye and mouth
	Orbicularis oris
	Masseter 
	Buccinator – cheek
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35
Q

What is the role of the frontaslis muscle?

A

Raises eyebrows

36
Q

What is the role of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Closes and scrunches eyes

37
Q

What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for expression?

A

facial nerve

38
Q

What are the roles of the buccinator muscle?

A

Keeps cheek taut- prevents biting of cheek while eating, and Compresses distended cheeks

39
Q

What is the motor innervation of the facial muscles for mystification?

A

Cranial nerve (Trigeminal nerve CN V)

40
Q

What are the roles of the temporalis muscle?

A

Attaches on temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible; raises mandible

41
Q

What are the roles of the masseter muscle?

A

Attaches on zygomatic arch and ramus of mandible; raises mandible

42
Q

What are the muscles of mystification?

A

 Temporalis –
 Masseter
 Medial and lateral pterygoids

43
Q

What are the blood supply to the facial muscles?

A 
o	Facial 
o	Maxillary 
o	Superficial temporal 
o	Occipital 
o	Posterior auricular
44
Q

What is the venous drainage of the muscles of fascial expression?

A

Internal jugular vein

45
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anterior upper scalp and eye?

A

pre- auricular and parotid nodes in front of the ear

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the posterior upper scalp?

A

mastoid nodes

47
Q

How is the nasal cavity lead into the nasopharynx?

A

via choanae

48
Q

What is the role of the pharyngeal isthmus?

A

separate naso and oropharynx

49
Q

What is the role of the oropharyngeal isthmus?

A

leads Oral cavity to oropharynx

50
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

floor of nasal cavity; roof of the mouth

51
Q

What are the regions of the nasal cavity?

A

 Vestibule- skin, contains hair follicles
 Respiratory- ciliated and mucous cells
 Olfactory- area innervated by CN I (Olfactory)

52
Q

What are the types of paranasal sinuses?

A 
	Maxillary – biggest 
	Frontal 
	Sphenoidal 
	Ethmoidal air cells
	Nasolacrimal duct also drains into nasal cavity from medial orbit
53
Q

What is the innervation of the nasal cavity?

A

cranial nerves

54
Q

What is the blood supply of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary and facial arteries – Branches off of external carotid

55
Q

What are the bones of the medial wall nasal cavity?

A

Nasal bones, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer

56
Q

What are the bones of the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palatine process of maxillae, palatine bones

57
Q

What are the bones of the lateral wall nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid (with conchae), palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae

58
Q

What bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid

59
Q

What are the bones of the oral cavity?

A

maxillae, palatine, sphenoid, temporal and mandible

60
Q

What is houses in the maxillae and mandible?

A

 Maxillae contain upper teeth

 Mandible contains lower teeth

61
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Geniohyoid, mylohyoid muscles

62
Q

What muscles make up the wall of the oral cavity?

A

buccinator

63
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

smooth muscle; uvula hangs down form it

64
Q

What re the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

o Longitudinal, transverse, vertical

65
Q

What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Attach to structures outside the tongue; protrude, retract, depress and elevate tongue

66
Q

What is papillae

A

Contain taste buds on he surface of the tongue

67
Q

What are the types of salivary glands?

A

 Parotid – largest, empties into 2nd molar
 Submandibular – serous and mucus mix
 Sublingual – serous and mucus mix

68
Q

What is the blood supply to the oral cavity?

A

Lingual a. (from external carotid) supplying whole of the mouth

69
Q

What is the venous drainage of the oral cavity?

A

Deep and dorsal lingual veins- drain into internal jugular

70
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity?

A

Deep cervical nodes along internal jugular vein

71
Q

What is the innervation of the oral cavity?

A

cranial nerves

72
Q

What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

auditory tube to equalize pressure in middle ear to the atmosphere pressure

73
Q

What is contained in the oropharynx?

A

o Soft palate, uvula hang down

o Palatine tonsils hanging off soft palate

74
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Deal with intelligence, humor, social ques, emotions, etc.

75
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Contains primary sensory cortex for heat and pain; Association cortex is the why behind you cold and hot senses

76
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

for smell and hearing

77
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

contains visual cortex

78
Q

What is the role of the insula?

A

contains taste cortex

79
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

important in coordination and movement

80
Q

What is the role of the canaliculi?

A

visual and auditory reflexes

81
Q

What is the role of thalamus?

A

rely sensory center

82
Q

What is the role of hypothalamus?

A

master endocrine glands, hormones, pain and pleasure center, hunger, tiredness and thirst

83
Q

What are the components of the brains stem?

A

 Midbrain
 Pons
 Medulla oblongata – brain stem, where cranial nerves merge

84
Q

What is the blood supply to the brain?

A

Contributions from internal carotid and vertebral arteries (travel in transverse foramen in cervical vertebrae, and fuse between pons and medulla and become the basilar artery)

85
Q

What are the meninges?

A 
	Dura mater – outer most layer, tough
	Subdural space 
	Arachnoid mater 
	Subarachnoid space - CSF flows here
	Pia mater

Anatomy (9 decks)

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