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Anatomy > Exam 2: Lecture 9 and 10 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 9 and 10 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the (Tunica) Dortos Muscle formed?

A

Campers and Scarpas Fascia continue into the scrotum to form the dortos muscle

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the Dortos muscle?

A

It acts to regulate the temperature of the testis to promote spermatogenesis

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3
Q

What is the directionality of the fibers of the tranverssus abdominus?

A

horzitontal

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4
Q

What is the action of the Tranversalis abdominus?

A

Compresses abdomen

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5
Q

What abdominal structures are found in the RUQ?

A

liver, gall bladder

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6
Q

What abdominal structures are found in the LUQ?

A

stomach, spleen (posterior)

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7
Q

How is the femoral artery formed?

A

common iliac artery branched to external and internal iliac artery at the inguinal ligament where it becomes the femoral artery

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8
Q

What abdominal structures are found in the LLQ?

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon

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9
Q

Where is the tranumblical l and vertical plane of the abdomen formed?

A

transumbilical plane is through the umbilicus and intervertebral disc between L3 and L4
Vertical plane is from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

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10
Q

What abdominal structures are found in the RLQ?

A

appendix, ascending colon

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11
Q

What does the scrapes fascia become in the perineum?

A

Continues in anterior perineum as Colles fascia

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12
Q

What does the scrapes fascia become in the thigh?

A

Continues into the thigh and fuses with fascia lata

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13
Q

What is the rectus abdominus?

A

Long, flat, vertical muscle
Paired, separated at midline by linea alba
Runs from pubic symphysis to costal margin

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14
Q

What aponeurosis makes up the rectus abdominus?

A

Enclosed in the rectus sheath (ant and post- continuous with internal oblique aponeurosis)

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15
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominus?

A

compress abdomen, flex trunk

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16
Q

What lymphatics drain below the umbilicus?

A

Superficial below umbilicus drain via superficial inguinal nodes

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17
Q

What lymphatics drain above the umbilicus?

A

Superficial above umbilicus drain via axillary nodes

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18
Q

What lymphatics drain deep in the umbilicus?

A

Deep drain via parasternal nodes

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19
Q

What is the action of the cremaster muscle?

A

Raises and lowers the testes in response to temperature of the body (sperm needs to be three degrees cooler than the body to develop)

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20
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Liver, Gall bladder (biliary tree), Pancreas, (Appendix)

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21
Q

What are the Superficial inferior vasculature?

A

superficial epigastric artery (medial) and superficial circumflex artery (lateral); Branches of femoral artery

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22
Q

What is the passageway through the abdominal wall?

A

Passageway through abdominal wall in the inguinal region is called the inguinal canal

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23
Q

What components make up the foregut?

A

Esophagus to duodenum (until major duodenal papilla), liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

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24
Q

How is the inguinal ligament formed?

A

Formed by lower border of external oblique aponeurosis

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25
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

A

attaches at ant/superior iliac spine (palpable) and will run towards pubic bone and attach on pubic tubercle

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26
Q

What components make up the midgut?

A

Duodenum (after major duodenal papilla) through small intestine and large intestine to 2/3 of the transverse colon

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27
Q

What are the Deep inferior vasculature of abdomen?

A

inferior epigastric a. and deep circumflex iliac artery (lateral) (Branches of external iliac artery)

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28
Q

What components make up the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon through superior portion of the rectum

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29
Q

What is the deep membraneous layer of the abdomen?

A

Scarpes fascia

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30
Q

What is the superficial fatter layer of the abdomen?

A

Campers fascia

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31
Q

What is the Superficial perineal fascia of the abdomen?

A

Colle’s fascia

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32
Q

What are 3 main unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, inferior Mesenteric Artery

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33
Q

What part of the gut does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Supplies the foregut

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34
Q

What part of the gut does the SMA supply?

A

Supplies the midgut

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35
Q

What part of the gut does the IMA supply?

A

Supplies the hindgut

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36
Q

What organ of the digestive track receives blood from the SMA and IMA?

A

duodenum

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37
Q

What organ of the digestive track receives blood from the Celiac Trunk and IMA?

A

pancreas

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38
Q

What makes up the anterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

made up of aponorsis of external and internal obliques

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39
Q

What makes up the posterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

made up of aponorsis of internal oblique and transversus abdominus

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40
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic

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41
Q

What does the left gastric supply?

A

supplies Lesser curvature of stomach and distal esophagus

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42
Q

What does the splenic supply?

A

supplies Spleen

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43
Q

What does the common hepatic supply?

A

supplies Greater and lesser curvature of the stomach, liver and gallbladder, pancreas

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44
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

Short gastrics, Left gastro-epiploic (gastro- omental)

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45
Q

What are the superficial superior vasculature drainage?

A

musculophrenic artery off of the Branch of internal thoracic artery

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46
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric, Proper hepatic branches right and left hepatic, cystic Gastroduodenal branches right gastro-epiploic (gastro- omental) and superior pancreaticoduodenal

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47
Q

What are the deep lateral vasculature drainage?

A

10th and 11th intercostal, and subcostal artery

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48
Q

What are the branches of the SMA?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal, Jejunal, 
Ileal, Middle colic, Right colic, and Iliocolic

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49
Q

What is the role of the tendinous insertions?

A

they help the rectus abdominus from over contracting and flexing to prevent huntch back

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50
Q

What is the branch of ilocolic artery?

A

appendicular

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51
Q

What is the external spermatic fascia equal?

A

external oblique muscle

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52
Q

What is the cremasteric fascia equal to?

A

internal oblique muscle

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53
Q

What is the internal spermatic fascia equal to?

A

transversalis fascia

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54
Q

What are the layers of the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia,
Cremasteric fascia, Internal spermatic fascia, Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis, Cavity of tunica vaginalis, Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

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55
Q

What is the Qudratolumborum muscle?

A

sits above hips laterally, stems from lumbar vertebrae and makes up posterior muscular compartments of abdomen

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56
Q

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal supply?

A

Pancreas and duodenum

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57
Q

What does the inferior middle colic supply?

A

transverse colon

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58
Q

What does the right colic supply?

A

ascending colon

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59
Q

What does the iliocolic supply?

A

Cecum, Ilium, Appendix

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60
Q

What do the ileal and jejunal branch supply?

A

Jejunum, and 
Ileum

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61
Q

What are the major branches of the IMA?

A

left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal?

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62
Q

What does the left colic supply?

A

descending colon, and distal part of transverse colon

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63
Q

What does the sigmoid and superior rectal supply?

A

sigmoid colon, superior rectum

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64
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique?

A

Outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs

65
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

A

Iliac crest, linea alba

66
Q

What is the innervation of internal oblique and transverse abdominus?

A

ventral ramus of T7-12, and L1

67
Q

What is the Innervation of esophagus ?

A

Left and right vagus nerves change course and become the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

68
Q

What muscles make up the iliopsoas muscle?

A

made up of the iliacs, psoas major

69
Q

What is the role of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

deep hip flexors

70
Q

What is the arterial supply of esophagus?

A

esophageal branches from celiac trunk and left inferior phrenic artery

71
Q

What are the posterior muscular components of the abdominal wall?

A

QL, Iliopsoas

72
Q

What are the anterior muscular components of the abdominal wall?

A

Rectus abdominus

73
Q

What are the lateral muscular components of the abdominal wall?

A

3 layers of muscles (obliques and transverse abdominus)

74
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A 
Cardia - near esophagus
Fundus - above cardia 
Body - middle, largest 
Pyloric (distal end) - Pyloric antrum, Pyloric canal, Pylorus - Pyloric constriction, Pyloric sphincter, Pyloric orifice
Greater and greater curvature
Cardial notch
Angular incisure
75
Q

What is the extra-peritoneal deep fascia?

A

Deep to tranversalis fascia, separates from peritoneum, and Lines abdominal and pelvic cavities

76
Q

What are the Borders of Abdominal Cavity ?

A

Superiorly - diaphragm
Inferiorly - continuous with the pelvic cavity
Posteriorly - vertebral column and abdominal wall
Laterally and anteriorly - abdominal wall, ribs in superior portion

77
Q

How is the stomach connected to the liver?

A

via the lesser omentum

78
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Protrusion of peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall (large and small intestines)

79
Q

What is the rectus abdominus?

A

straight muscle of the abdomen. Six pack muscle

80
Q

How is the inguinal canal formed?

A

When the testes descend down into the scrotum, they will pull all of the layers of the abdomen (superficial to deep) with them and create the inguinal canal

81
Q

What is the Angular incisure of stomach?

A

sharp turn of the lesser curvature marking the beginning of the pyloric region

82
Q

What is the nerve supply of muscles and parietal peritoneum?

A

supplied by ventral rami of spinal nerves T7- L1 (sensory)

83
Q

What does the short gastric artery supply?

A

supplies fundus and greater curvature of stomach

84
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

A

Left gastric artery From celiac trunk, Right gastric artery From hepatic artery proper or common hepatic, Right gastro-omental From gastroduodenal artery, Left gastro-omental From splenic artery, Short gastric artery From splenic artery

85
Q

What is the external oblique?

A

Immediately deep to superficial fascia; Thick, flat tendinous insertion called aponeurosis attaches to midline linea alba

86
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior part- from pyloric orifice to neck of gall bladder
  2. Descending part- begins at neck of gall bladder, extends to L3; Contains major duodenal papilla (entrance for bile and pancreatic ducts)
  3. Inferior part- crosses aorta, IVC and vertebral column
  4. Ascending part- at L2 -Terminates at duodenojejunal flexure
87
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Twists, Compress abdomen

88
Q

What is the duodenal flexure?

A

turning point where duodenum becomes the jejunal

89
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla?

A

has Spinchter of Oddi controlling the release of bile into the duodenum

90
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

91
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A

Inferior border of lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line

92
Q

What is SMA syndrome?

A

When the SMA compresses inferior part of the duodenum

93
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominus?

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 5- 7; xiphoid process

94
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominus?

A

Pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis

95
Q

What is the blood supply to the duodenum from the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Supraduodenal artery, Ant. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal artery, Post. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal artery

96
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominus?

A

Linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line

97
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominus?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs

98
Q

What is the blood supply to the duodenum from the SMA and inferior pancreticoduodenal artery?

A

Ant. Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal artery and Post. Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal artery

99
Q

Where does the inguinal canal pass in men?

A

Passes spermatic cord

100
Q

Where does the inguinal canal pass in women?

A

round ligament in woman from deep ring

101
Q

What is the tranversalis fascia?

A

Deep to the transversus abdominus
Continuous layer of deep fascia that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities - Continuous with inferior surface of diaphragm and posterior muscles
In direct contact with rectus abdominus below arcuate line

102
Q

How is the ileocecal valve formed?

A

the ileocecal fold joins with the cecum

103
Q

What is the role of the ileocecal valave?

A

spinchter that allows for enough time for things to be digested

104
Q

What is the order from outer to inner layer?

A

Skin -> Campers -> Scarpas -> External Oblique -> Internal Oblique -> Transversus Abdominus -> Transversalis Fascia -> Extraperitoneal Fascia -> Parietal Peritoneum

105
Q

What are the anterior and posterior aspects of the extraperitoneal fascia?

A

anterior - preperitoneal

posterior - retroperitoneal

106
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastric (most common) - parts of the intestines goes down into the scrotum

107
Q

What is the vascorecta in the ileum and jejunum?

A

jejunum - long

ileum - short

108
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

where posterior rectus sheath stops, and the tranversalis fascia is right up against the rectus abdominus

109
Q

What are the parts of the large intestines?

A

Cecum, Appendix
Colon - Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid
Rectum, Anal canal

110
Q

What forms the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

A

Anterior rectus sheath is made up of the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques and transversus abdominus
Posterior rectus sheath no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with tranversalis fascia

111
Q

What are fat accumulations in the large intestines?

A

omental appendices

112
Q

What is the longitudinal muscle in the large intestines?

A

taniea coli

113
Q

How is the mesentery made?

A

folding of visceral peritoneum on itself creates a double layer

114
Q

What is the role of omental appendices?

A

Fat droplets that accumulate, and only serve for extra storage of fat

115
Q

What is the role of the internal oblique?

A

compresses abdomen, twists

116
Q

What is the fiber directionality of the internal obliques?

A

Fibers run superomedially

117
Q

What is the role of the tine coli in the large intestines?

A

Contracts and squishes the large intestines creating a sacculations (Haustra) to hold fecal matter to get the last bit of nutrients and water before defecating

118
Q

What is the deep superior vasculature drainage?

A

superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of internal thoracic artery)

119
Q

What is the blood supply to the appendix?

A

appendicular artery (from Iliocolic artery from SMA)

120
Q

What is the Blood supply to Ascending colon?

A

Colic branch of ileocolic artery (from SMA), Anterior and posterior cecal arteries (from SMA), Right colic artery (from SMA)

121
Q

How is a direct inguinal hernia formed?

A

through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics

122
Q

What is the Blood supply of the transverse colon?

A

Right colic (from SMA), Middle colic (from SMA), Left colic (from IMA)

123
Q

What is the Blood supply of the descending colon?

A

Left colic (from IMA)

124
Q

What is the role of the mesentery?

A

holds organs to the posterior abdominal wall

125
Q

What forms in the inguinal triangle?

A

formed by the rectus abdomenis on medial aspect, inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric on lateral border.

126
Q

What is the right and left paracolic gutters?

A

located Immediately lateral to ascending and descending colon through which material can pass form one region to another

127
Q

What is the Blood supply to the Rectum and anal canal?

A

Superior rectal artery (from IMA), Middle rectal artery (from internal iliac), Inferior rectal artery (from internal iliac)

128
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures?

A 
Urinary system (kidney, ureter, bladder) and adrenal glands
Aorta and IVC, Part of the esophagus and rectum
Most of the pancreas (body and head) , Most of the duodenum (segment 2 and 3 distal-most portion) , Ascending and descending colon
129
Q

Where is the rectosigmoid junction located?

130
Q

What are the intraperitoneal structures?

A

tail of pancreas, first portion of duodenum

131
Q

What is the lymphatics of the GI

A

Celiac node - Foregut
Superior mesenteric node - Midgut
Inferior mesenteric node - Hindgut

132
Q

Where is the mesenteric plexuses and what do they do?

A

embedded in walls of smooth muscle and control the smooth muscle

133
Q

Where is the submucosal plexuses and what do they do?

A

in submucosa control granular secretions

134
Q

What is the Sympathetic innervation of foregut and midgut?

A

Thoracic splanchnic: greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves

135
Q

What is the ParaSympathetic innervation of foregut and midgut?

A

Vagus nerve (CN10)

136
Q

What is the Sympathetic innervation of hindgut?

A

Lumbar splanchnic

137
Q

What is the ParaSympathetic innervation of hindgut?

A

pelvic splanchnic directly from S2-4 (no sympathetic trunk)

138
Q

What is the path of the lesser thoracic splanchnic?

A

Aries from - T9/10-11

travels to - Aorticorenal ganglion

139
Q

What is the path of the lumbar splanchnic?

A

Aries from - Lumbar part of sympathetic trunk

Travels to - Prevertebral plexus

140
Q

What is the path of the sacral splanchnic?

A

Aries from - Sacral part of sympathetic trunk

Travels to - Inferior hypogastric plexus (extension of prevertebral plexus into pelvis)

141
Q

What is the role of subphrenic recess of the liver?

A

separates liver from diaphragm (Divided into right and left by the falciform ligament)

142
Q

What is the role of hepatorenal recess of the liver?

A

between liver and right kidney/ adrenal gland (Continuous anteriorly)

143
Q

What is the role of the porta hepatis?

A

point of entry for the hepatic artery and portal vein, exit of bile duct (portal triad)

144
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Separated from right by falciform ligament (hangs as ligament teres remnant)

145
Q

What is the caudate lobe of the liver?

A

arises from right lobe, on posterior part of visceral surface; Bound on left by fissure for ligamentum venosum (ductus tromentum for fetus to bypass liver) and on right by groove for IVC

146
Q

What is the Qudrate lobe of the liver?

A

Bound on left by fissure for ligamentum teres and right by fossa of gall bladder; Functionally related to left lobe of liver

147
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus - rounded end
Body - middle, major part in fossa
Neck - narrow part formed by mucosal folds

148
Q

What is the bilary tract?

A

Passage way of bile to the duodenum

149
Q

What are the passage ways of the biliary tract?

A
  1. Bile exits the liver via the right and left hepatic ducts
  2. It travels down the common hepatic duct which runs with the proper hepatic artery and portal vein in the lesser omentum3. Joins with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the bile duct
  3. Bile duct descends until it meets the main pancreatic duct and empties into the major duodenal papilla at the ampulla of Vater/Hepatopancreatic ampulla (opening of bile duct)
150
Q

What is the ampulla called at the duodenum?

A

major duodenal papilla

151
Q

What is the arterial supply of the liver?

A

Liver receives blood from right and left hepatic arteries from the common hepatic

152
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head - within the C of the duodenum
Unicinate process - projects from the lower part of the head
Neck - ant to superior mesenteric vessels
Body - elongates from neck to tail
Tail - passes between splenorenal ligament (connects spleen to Kidney)

153
Q

What is the difference between the ampulla of Vater and major doudenal papilla?

A

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla of Vater - opening inside the duodenum
Major Duodenal Papilla - opening outside of the duodenum

154
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct empty?

A

empties into minor duodenal papillae, and Branches and enters duodenum superior to major papilla

155
Q

How is the major duodenal papilla made?

A

Bile duct and main pancreatic duct joins together and enter the second part/descending of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.

156
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pancreas?

A

Anterior superior pancreaticoduodeunal artery

Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, inferior pancreatic artery

157
Q

What is the splenic hilum?

A

Entry point for splenic artery (branch off of celiac trunk) And exit point for splenic vein

158
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage to the spleen?

A

splenic artery and splenic vein

159
Q

What components make up the foregut?

A

Foregut: Esophagus to duodenum (until major duodenal papilla), liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

Anatomy (9 decks)

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