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Anatomy > LECTURE 3: UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS > Flashcards

LECTURE 3: UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexor of the arm (shoulder; crosses shoulder joint)

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2
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Flexor (when load is required) and supinator (when elbow is in flex position such unscrewing a cap) of the forearm

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3
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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4
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

extension of forearm (elbow)

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5
Q

What is housed in the quadrangular space?

A

has axillary nerve that innervated deltoid and teres minor traveling through

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

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7
Q

What forms the borders of the cubital fossa?

A
  • Brachioradialis muscle
  • Pronator teres muscle
  • Epicondyles of humerus
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8
Q

What covers the cubital fossa?

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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9
Q

What is the medial cubital vein?

A

The median cubital vein (used to draw blood) travels over the aponeurosis and connects the cephalic and basilic veins

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10
Q

What is the path of the radial and ulnar nerve?

A
  • Radial nerve passes under the brachioradialis

* Ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior muscles of the arm?

A

median nerve (with the exception of flexor carpi ulnaris which is innervated by ulnar nerve)

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12
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • Inserts in Medial humerus and radius to middle phalanges of digits 2-5
  • Flexes digits at metacarpal-phalangeal joint and PIP
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13
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Inserts onto the medial carpals and flexes and adducts the wrist

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14
Q

What is the insertion and action of the palmaris longus?

A

Attaches to palmar aponeurosis of hand and flexes wrist, may be absent in some

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15
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

A

a triangular deep fascia over the palm, extending to the digits

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16
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Inserts onto the lateral metacarpals and thus flexes and abducts wrist

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17
Q

What is the insertion and action of the pronator teres?

A

Attaches to radius and pronates forearm

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18
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Insert on distal phalanges of digits 2-5 and flex DIP (can also flex at PIP, MCP and wrist joint)

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Innervated by both the ulnar and median nerve

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20
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor pollcis longus?

A

Inserts on phalanx of thumb and flexes the interphalangeal joint and MCP

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21
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor protnator quadratus?

A
  • Quadrangular muscle from distal ulna (origin) to radius (insertion)
  • Pronation of forearm
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22
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

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23
Q

What is the role of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

extensors and abductors of the wrist

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24
Q

What is the role of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Runs from lateral humerus to medial metacarpals and is a wrist extensor and adductor

25
Q

What is the role of the extensor digitorum and digit minimi?

A

Extensors of digits 2-5 and 5, respectively

26
Q

What is the action of the anconeus?

A

Small triangular muscle posterior to elbow joint, accessory extensor

27
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Crosses over lateral elbow joint and is an accessory flexor of the elbow

28
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Attaches to lateral metacarpal (of the thumb) to abduct thumb

29
Q

What is the insertion and action of the abductor extensor pollicis longus and brevis?

A

Insert on distal and proximal phalanx of thumb, Extend joints of the thumb

30
Q

What is the insertion and action of the abductor extensor indicis?

A

Inserts on digit 2 (pointer) to extend that digit

31
Q

What is the insertion and action of the supinator?

A

Wraps around lateral side of elbow to supinate the forearm

32
Q

How is carpal tunnel formed?

A

Formed by arch of the carpal bones and the overlaying flexor retinaculum (sheet between the carpel bones forming carpal tunnel)

33
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
  • Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
  • Median nerve
34
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve gets compressed

35
Q

What is the anatomical snuffbox?

A

dip in hand

36
Q

What is the contents of the snuffbox?

A
  • Radial artery

* Scaphoid and trapezium bones form floor (lateral from the first row)

37
Q

What is the boundary of the snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons

38
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Muscles that move the hand (power grip), but muscle bellies lie in the forearm and tendons extend to the hand

39
Q

What is the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

median, ulnar, and radial nerves

40
Q

What is the innervation of intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

ulnar and median nerves

41
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Palmaris brevis, palmar and dorsal interossei, adductor pollicis, thenar and hypothenar groups, and lumbricals

42
Q

What is the palmaris brevis?

A
  • Small quadrangular muscle over the hypothenar eminence

* Improves grip

43
Q

What is the adductor pollicis?

A
  • Triangular muscle that attaches to proximal phalanx of thumb
  • Adducts thumb
44
Q

What are interossei muscles?

A

Interossei muscles run between the metacarpals

45
Q

What is the action of dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of digits 2-4

“DABB” 4 muscles

46
Q

What is the action of palmar interossei?

A
  • 3 muscles
  • Adduction of digits 2,4,5
  • “PAD”
47
Q

What is action of the lumbcricals?

A
  • 4 muscles that extend from tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and attach to tissue on phalanges
  • Flex MCP joint and extend PIP and DIP joint
48
Q

What is the action of the oppenens pollicis?

A

Opposition of thumb

49
Q

What are muscles of the thenar group?

A

opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis

50
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes thumb at MCP joint

51
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb at MCP joint

52
Q

What are the muscle of the hypothenar group?

A

opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti brevis

53
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti brevis?

A

Abductor of digit 5

54
Q

What is the action of the flexor digiti brevis?

A

Flexes digit 5 at MCP joint

55
Q

What is the action of the opponens digiti brevis?

A

Opposition of digit 5

56
Q

How are the superficial and deep palmar arches formed?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries enter the hand and form two interconnected arterial arches

57
Q

What are the pulse points in the arm?

A
  • Axillary
  • Brachial (medial to biceps tendon)
  • Radial
  • Ulnar
58
Q

What is Allen’s Test?

A

for adequate contribution of both arteries (radial and ulnar) to the hand

Anatomy (9 decks)

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