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Anatomy > LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO JOINTS AND THE GLUTEAL REGION > Flashcards

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO JOINTS AND THE GLUTEAL REGION Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of synovial joints?

A

cap, synovial cavity, synovial membrane, joint capsule, fibrous layer, outer layer, fatty pads,

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2
Q

What is a bursae?

A

– miniature joint capsule
o Sacs lined with synovial membrane (Contain synovial fluid)
o Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

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3
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket

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4
Q

What is the action of the plane joint?

A

2 solid flat structures that glide against one another (nonaxial movement). Limited mobility
 Examples: Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between vertebral articular surfaces

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5
Q

What is the action of the hinge joint?

A

Uniaxial (move in one plane), Flexion and extension only

 Examples: Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints

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6
Q

What is the action of the pivot joint?

A

Flat round head of radius allows for supination and protonation rotation
 example: Atlantioaxial joint is in your neck, Proximal radioulnar joints

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7
Q

What is the action of the condylar joint?

A

Bi-axial movement over sagittal plane, Extend/ flex, and abduct/adduct
 Examples: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints

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8
Q

What is the action of the saddle joint?

A

flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

 Example: Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

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9
Q

What is the action of the ball and socket joint?

A

most mobility and less stability; Extend/ flex, and abduct/adduct, and rotation
 Examples: Shoulder joints and hip joints

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10
Q

What does the ilio-inguinal nerve innervate?

A

(no motor innervation in lower limb) innervates abdominal muscles

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11
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

(no motor innervation in lower limb) genital branch innervates cremaster

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12
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

skin of the anterior thigh and muscles (quadriceps); branches supply iliacus and pectineus

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13
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

skin over upper medial thigh and muscles (except pectineus and part of adductor magnus); obturator externus

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14
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Parietal peritoneum in iliac fossa; skin over anterolateral thigh

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15
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

 Innervates all of the muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh and muscles that move ankle and foot

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16
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

 Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

 Innervates gluteus maximus

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17
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

 Passes through greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis

 Supplies gluteus Medius and minimus

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18
Q

What does the Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate?

A

 Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and medial to sciatic
 Innervates skin over gluteal fold, posterior thigh and parts of perineum

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19
Q

What does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate?

A

 Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis and deep to sciatic
 Innervates quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

20
Q

What does the nerve to obturator internus innervate?

A

 Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis between post cutaneous and pudendal
 Innervates obturator internus and superior gemellus

21
Q

What does the perforating cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

 Exits the pelvic cavity by piercing the sacrotuberous ligament
 Innervates skin over medial gluteus maximus

22
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

Fascia covering gluteus Medius, posterior ilium, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

23
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

Posterior iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

24
Q

What is the innervation and action of the gluteus maximus?

A

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
Action: Extension, lateral rotation, abduction of hip

25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Origin: Posterior ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter

26
Q

What is the innervation and action of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Action: Abduct femur: stabilization of pelvis during single leg stance

27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Origin: Lateral crest of ilium between ASIS and tubercle of crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

28
Q

What is the action and innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Action: Abduct femur: stabilization of knee in extension

29
Q

what is IT Band Syndrome?

A

IT get tights and pulls on all your muscles

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the piriformis?

A

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter

31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obturator internus?

A

Origin: Anterolateral wall of true pelvis, obturator membrane
Insertion: Greater trochanter

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior gemellus?

A

Origin: External surface of ischial spine
Insertion: Superior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior gemellus?

A

Origin: Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Inferior surface of obturator internus tendon and greater trochanter

34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus femoris?

A

Origin: Lateral aspect of ischium anterior to ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest

35
Q

What is the action and innervation of the piriformis?

A

Innervation: Branches S1- S2
Action: Laterally rotate extended hip; abduct flexed femur

36
Q

What is the action and innervation of the obturator internus?

A

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus
Action: Laterally rotate extended hip; abduct flexed femur

37
Q

What is the action and innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus
Action: Laterally rotate extended hip; abduct flexed femur

38
Q

What is the action and innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: Laterally rotate extended hip; abduct flexed femur

39
Q

What is the action and innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: Laterally rotate femur

40
Q

What is the Trendelenburg sign?

A

 Occurs in people with weak or paralyzed abductors
 When patient stands on one leg, the pelvis severely drops on the standing leg side
 Positive signs are seen in patients with superior gluteal nerve damage
 Patients with a positive sign, gait is abnormal. On the single leg stance phase of walking, weakened abductor muscles allow pelvis to tilt, patient compensates by tilting the trunk the other way to maintain level of the trunk during gait

41
Q

What are the sight of intramuscular injections?

A

o Inject into the upper outer quadrant to avoid sciatic nerve and superior gluteal vessels and nerve
o Inject into gluteus Medius anterosuperior to gluteus maximus

42
Q

What is the supply of the inferior gluteal artery?

A

Supplies surrounding muscles and descends into posterior thigh where it anastomoses with branches of femoral a.

43
Q

What is the origin of the inferior gluteal artery?

A

anterior trunk of internal iliac a.

44
Q

What is the origin of the superior gluteal artery?

A

Originates from posterior trunk of internal iliac a.

45
Q

What are the divisions of the superior gluteal artery?

A

Superficial branch- passes onto deep surface of gluteus maximus
Deep branch- passes between gluteus Medius and minimus

46
Q

Where do the deep lymphatic vessels drain?

A

into internal iliac nodes

47
Q

Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels drain?

A

into superficial inguinal nodes

Anatomy (9 decks)

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